Theme 3 - Food Production

Question 1

Farming Types

arable

Answer 1

farms growing grain & crops such as wheat

Question 2

Farming Types

pastoral

Answer 2

farms raising livestock such as cows

Question 3

Farming Types

nomadic

Answer 3

where farmers move their livestock from one grazing area to another

Question 4

Farming Types

sedentary

Answer 4

where the same land is farmed year after year in a single location

Question 5

Farming Types

plantation

Answer 5

where a single crop is grown on a large area of land

Question 6

Farming Types

monoculture

Answer 6

growing a single crop or type of animal in a specific area

Question 7

Farming Types

crop-rotation / shifting cultivation

Answer 7

1. clearing a plot of land (usually forest)
2. it’s used for a few years
3. as soil fertility declines, it’s abandoned
4. farmers move to new plot

also known as “slash and burn”

Question 8

Farming Types

capital intensive

Answer 8

agriculture that uses a large amount of capital and land to increase productivity

Question 9

Farming Types

labour intensive

Answer 9

agriculture that requires a large amount of human labor relative to the size of the land

Question 10

Farming Types

extensive

Answer 10

farming that uses large areas of land with relatively small amounts of resources

Question 11

Farming Types

commercial

Answer 11

farming for profit, instead of the farmer’s own consumption

Question 12

Farming Types

subsistence

Answer 12

farming for the farmer’s own consumption, instead of for profit

Question 13

Food Production Systems

inputs

Answer 13

things which are put into the farming system

e.g. labour, capital (money), seeds & livestock

Question 14

Food Production Systems

pesticides

Answer 14

substances used to control, destroy, or repel pests in food production

Question 15

Food Production Systems

fertiliser

Answer 15

substances that are applied to crops to increase their productivity and yield

they supply crops with nutrients

Question 16

Food Production Systems

processes

Answer 16

the main activities that take place on the farm to convert the inputs into outputs

Question 17

Food Production Systems

outputs

Answer 17

the products obtained after the inputs are processed in the farming system

e.g. capital (money), manure, meat

Question 18

physical factors affecting farm types

Answer 18

• climate (temperature & rainfall)
• seasonality
• relief
• soil type

Question 19

human factors affecting farming types

Answer 19

• capital investment
• labour availability
• market location
• transport costs
• government policies

Question 20

definitions

subsidy

Answer 20

provide farmers with financial support that can reduce their operational costs, allowing them to produce crops that may otherwise be unprofitable

Question 21

definitions

specialisation

Answer 21

when a region or country focuses on producing a specific type of food or a few types of food

Question 22

definitions

GM

Answer 22

= genetically modified

crops that have had their DNA altered through scientific engineering

Question 23

physical causes of food shortages

Answer 23

• climate (rainfall & temp)
• natural disasters

Question 24

definitions

flood

Answer 24

An overflow of water onto normally dry land

Question 25

# definitions drought

Answer 25

a prolonged dry period in the natural climate cycle

Question 26

human causes of food shortages

Answer 26

- soil erosion - rural poverty - civil unrest - population growth - poor transport infrastructure

Question 27

impacts of food shortages

Answer 27

- malnutrition - civil unrest - weak immune systems - increased infant mortality rate - increase in diseases

Question 28

management/solutions for food shortages

Answer 28

- emergency aid/food aid - food for work schemes - intercropping (fish between rice) - mechanisation

Question 29

# CASE STUDY: Subsistence Farming in **BANGLADESH** Introduction

Answer 29

- one of the highest population densities in the world - 158 million people - half of population work inagriculture

Question 30

# CASE STUDY: Subsistence Farming in **BANGLADESH** inputs

Answer 30

- climate with plenty of rain and high temperatures - fertile soil from flooding river ganges - large population (for labour) - fish may be added to add protein - capital

Question 31

# CASE STUDY: Subsistence Farming in **BANGLADESH** outputs

Answer 31

- **rice**: essential carbohydrates for diet - **manure**: produced by livestock raised on farm - **profits**: from selling to local/commercial markets

Question 32

processes

Answer 32

- **Plowing**: ploughs pulled by oxens or buffaloes turn the soil to prepare it for planting - **Flooding**: fields are flooded with water to create a paddy field environment ideal for rice growth - **Drainage**: excess water is drained to prevent waterlogging which can harm the crop - **Weeding**: manually removing weeds from fields to reduce competition for nutrients and water - **Fish raising**: integrated fish farming to provide additional income and natural fertiliser - **Harvesting**: ripe rice is manually harvested using sickles - **Drying**: harvested grains are dried in the sun to reduce moisture content - **Terracing**: cultivating steep slopes by making terraces to slow the flow of water and reduce soil erosion

Question 33

# CASE STUDY: Food Shortages in **SOMALIA** Introduction

Answer 33

- somalia is an east african country - one of the poorest and most conflict-affected countries in the world - november 2021: national state of emergency declared due to chronic food insecurity

Question 34

# CASE STUDY: Food Shortages in **SOMALIA** Causes

Answer 34

- animals drying *(due to drought)* means no livestock - drought lead to infertile soil, farmland is unable to thrive - el shabab militia -> people are trapped and cannot recieve aid

Question 35

# CASE STUDY: Food Shortages in **SOMALIA** Impacts

Answer 35

- loss of livestock - increased migration*(in search of food, water, pasture)* - spike in prices of commodities such as food, fuel, water - 1.4 million children suffering from malnutrition - death toll increase - diseases such as cholera spread - internal displacement \