Religion 355 > This Is My God > Flashcards

This Is My God Flashcards

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1
Q

How old is the Jewish people?

A

Approximately 3500

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2
Q

Who does the Bible say Jews descend from? (know three answers for this)

A

Abraham, Isaac, Jacob

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3
Q

Where did Jacob’s family prosper and multiply?

A

Goshen (cattle-raising northern province).

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4
Q

What was the name of the mountain where Moses received God’s law?

A

Horeb or Sinai

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5
Q

If a Jew converts to another faith, is he still a Jew?

A

Remains in the eyes of the world a converted Jew

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6
Q

How many commandments does Judaism (the Law) have?

A

613 - by tradition. 100 touch life today, 24 key observances

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7
Q

What is the “core of Judaism?”

A

Right conduct to other people - Golden Rule. What is offensive to you do not do to others

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8
Q

What is the nearest thing to an encyclopedia in Judaism?

A

Babylon Talmud (work of 20 tomes touching on almost every human activity)

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9
Q

What does the Sabbath achieve?

A

Keeps the awareness of the creation and Israel’s destiny fresh

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10
Q

Under what conditions do the restrictive laws of Sabbath vanish?

A

in emergencies, e.g. illness, disaster, and urgent rescue

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11
Q

What is the nature of the Jewish calendar?

A

Has 12 moon months of 29 or 30 days.. A moon calendar drifts backwards at a rate of about a month every three years.

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12
Q

What is the spring festival of Judaism called? (two names)

A

Pesakh, the Passover

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13
Q

What is a “seder?”

A

a re-telling of the Exodus story in a dramatic pageant, enacted by a family and its guests around a festive table. Spoken Parts, chorus and songs. Script is called Hagada

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14
Q

Hagada

A

Story of the Passover. Short vivid book in simple Hebrew. Exodus tale with some Talmudic embellishment and analysis. Read at Seder - Passover ceremony feast

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15
Q

When is “Shavuos” or Pentecost?

A

Summer

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16
Q

What is Shavuos

A

Day of Lawgiving
anniversary of the Sanai revelation. Talmud calls it Atzeres or Last Assembly Day - religious observance since Passover. 50 days after- Summer
In Temple Times. Mass Pilgrimage bearing first fruits of field and orchard

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17
Q

What is Sukos called in English?

A

The Harvest Feast of Tabernacles;

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18
Q

When does Sukos occur?

A

Commences on the full moon of autumn and running 8 days in Israel. Nine outside Israel

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19
Q

What does a family build on “Sukos”?

A

a suko (hut) or tabernacle roofed with green boughs, palm branches, or piles of reeds. Room for table and chairs. Decorated with fruits, vegetables and flowers.and gay colors.

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20
Q

What are the High Holy Days?

A

The Days of Awe. Period from Rosh Hashana to Yom Kippur

Talmud calls it the “Ten Days of repentance”

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21
Q

What is the Jewish New Year called?

A

Rosh Hoshanah

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22
Q

When does the Jewish New Year occur?

A

First day of Tishri (Seventh Jewish month), around September/October. Precedes the Sukos feast which is at the Full Moon.

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23
Q

What are the “Days of Awe”?

A

High Holy Days (10 days from Rosh Hashana to Yom Kippur

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24
Q

What is the purpose of Yom Kippur?

A

Torah: Day of atonement and of ascetic discipline, a day of “afflicting the soul”. Abstain for 24 hours from eating, drinking, sex, bathing, anointing body with oil, and wearing of leather shoes

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25
What is Tisha B'Av?
A minor holy day (with Purim and Hanuka); "Ninth of Av" | Mourning of the Babylonian sack of
26
What is Purim?
Feast of Esther; carnival; follows the Fast of Esther; Children's Night
27
What is Hanuka?
The Feast of Lights; celebrates successful revolt of the Jews led by Juday Maccabee. in the days of the Second Temple against the Seleucid Greeks Means "dedication"--marks the 8 days when the Temple was restored to the worship of God
28
Who were the Maccabees?
Led by Judah Maccabee, son of Mattathias. Priest who refused to sacrifice to Greek Idol. Sons rescued him from army and organized rebellion--loyalists, swept Greeks from Judea in 3 yrs. recaptured the Temple and began 8 days of purifying and rededicating
29
In the beginning, what was the function of the synagogue?
Popular law school with study tables where light is best
30
What is the main function of the synagogue today?
Evolved into house of worship, with fixed services in addition to law studies; reading of the Torah
31
What is the Sh'ma?
The Creed portion of :The Creed and the Service" . Literally "Hear". Heart of all Liturgies. Key Prayer Deuteronomy 6:4 Hear, O Israel!* The LORD our God the Lord is one!” renewal of Covenant
32
What is the Shmone Esrai?
"The Service" part of "The Creed and the Service" | "The Eighteen"--old litany of 18 blessings
33
In what language is Jewish prayer performed?
Hebrew; however, can be said in any language one understands according to the Talmud
34
Is Jewish prayer memorized or free-form?
Memorized prayers are the base for them to stand on, though improvised prayer is honored and some improvisations have entered the liturg
35
What one scripture does every Jew in the world know by heart?
Deuteronomy 6:4 = "Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One."
36
What is the Mezuzah?
a doorpost; by extension the boxed scroll containing the Sh'ma with other Bible passages fastend on the doorposts of Jewish homes
37
What does the word “Kosher” mean?
“to be fit” or “acceptable” and refers to the main dietary laws of
38
Jewish law on slaughter of animals demands that slaughter be ________.
Painless and quick-- one swift severance of carotid arteries in neck
39
What laws discipline Israel to holiness?
Jewish Dietary laws. A symbolic system that stamps all customary acts of life.
40
Circumcision: What is a "bris?"
Hebrew word for covenant--the event of circumcision (on 8th day after birth)
41
What is a "mohel?" (sometimes pronounced "moyle")
A circumciser--takes the place of the father
42
What and when is a "bar mitzva"
"Son of the commandment"--entrance of child into responsible religious life
43
What is Bas Mitzvah?
A similar ceremony to Bar Mitzvah (in Reform Judaism) for girls who have turned 12 years old.
44
What is "Kaddish," and when is it said?
Ancient Aramaic prose-poem sanctifying God's name and praying for the speedy coming of His Kingdom.
45
How long is a "Shiva," and what is done?
Shiva is the first seven-day period after death. Mourners remain at home, seated on low stools, receiving a continuous stream of condolence.
46
How long is a "Shloshim," and how is it related?
Shloshim comes after Shiva and lasts for 30 days. Mourners resume normal activity, avoiding places of entertainment, and continuing to observe certain forms and prayers. The end of Shloshim is the end of mourning (except for a mother/father). Loc 2050
47
When do "Shiva" and "Shloshim" take place?
The first month of mourning after death
48
What do the jews call old testament?
The Hebrew Bible: Consists of Torah - 5 books of Moses. The law - halakha, or the way.
49
What is the Talmud?
"study" or "knowledge" | 21 maroon leather tomes. Two Books run together - The Mishna and Gemara
50
What is the Mishna?
a report of the legal decisions of a line of anlaysts and judges (Tanna'im, Teachers), stretching over some 400 years Mishna = "the Review" Compiled by Rabbi Judah the Prince in about year 200
51
What is the Gemara?
* The Completion * Commentaries on the Mishnah. Used to be unwritten. * All in dialogue.
52
What is the term for the Talmud's parables, sermons, and allegories?
Hagada
53
The core of Jewish common law is ____
precedent
54
What kind of damages does “an eye for an eye” refer to?
financial - money damages
55
What is the "slow veto" in Jewish law?
Veto of the long run, or of social progress. Passed by the wise, but in the end not carried. imperceptibly at times, but withers away.
56
Who was Maimonides?
Most famous of the "First Ones" (legal figures around year 1000--beginning of the "recent past: for the Jews) Spanish Jew known as Rambam; also a doctor
57
Who was Rambam? Why was he important?
The world calls him Maimonides | Spanish Jew
58
What is the Shulkhan Aruch?
The Ready Table Code of all codes written by Joseph Caro Backbone of rabbinic training. C
59
Who produced the Shulkhan Aruch?
Joseph Caro
60
What is "Yiddishkeit?"
German and Yiddish "Jewishness" The traditional culture of observant European Jewry
61
What was the Enlightenment?
A period in the late eighteenth century when philosophers rethought the nature of society and the place of the individual in the world. New ideas of Renaissance. Loosening of society of the industrial age which meant the end of the ghetto.. " Haskala" - introduction of modern Western Culture in the European ghettos, matter of crucial controversy in the nineteenth century.
62
What was a Jewish "ghetto"?
A Jewish quarter/area of city inhabited by Jews Centered on the religion; bright with literacy through the dark ages; hit by the Enlightenment--leaders tried to seal out the changing world, others tried to leave
63
Who are the Hasidim?
No western learning. Baal Shem Tov, Poland 1700. Learned and unlearned could please God with offering of love, service of heart.. Joy, Song and Fervid Worship. Cabala - angels spoke to leader, miracles through secret incantations. Shunned by main body of Jewry. Loyalty to their Rebbes Not yet embraced enlightenment.. Cling to dress and manners of Polish ghetto.
64
What is the Cabala that the Hasidim practice?
based on mysticism and occult imagination. Separate and arcane study for few. Outside main line of authoritative tradition. No bearing on law, but marked influence on thought and conduct. Book: Zohar or Radience.. Hidden meanings, world beyond worlds, angels and deomons, supernaturally powerful numbers and names
65
Who are the Orthodox Jews?
Observance of the chief laws of the faith, Serious training of the young. Often attend Jewish Public Schools. Study of Torah crucial.
66
Who are the Reform Jews?
Germany: In response to enlightenment, and flood of apostasy, Leading preachers changed ritual, laws and customs. Credo- Essence of Judaism is worship of the one universal God; said the rest of the work of Moses was temporary machinery, no longer in force; said common law was outdated Undemanding religion, freed of ritual inconvenience, housed with elegance. of Western society. Survives in US, but obliterated in Germany by Hitler
67
When and where did the Reform movement start?
Germany; early 19th century
68
Who are the Conservative Jews?
Compromise between Orthodox and Reform. Return from Reform to some of old ways. Hebrew prayers, diet on holy days.. Father of American Conservatisim - Solomon Schechter - Conserve Jewish tradition rather than reform it. Still allow sexes to sit together, playing of organ, driving of cars to church.
69
When and where did the Conservative Jew movement start?
America, early 1900s. Schecter's Seminary. Conservative school of divinity. Traditional observances, Jewish law. and historical criticism of religion. New immigrants found less stressful than orthodoxy, but more familiar then reform.
70
What is Assimilation?
A main party of dissent in Jewry. No organization, no temples, no schools, no books, Wins 1/2 or more of the Jews in times of freedom. Choose to laydown burden of ostracism and disappear among mankind. Do nothing about being Jewish. In 3-4 generations family ceases to count as Jews. Extreme - change name or deny background. Extremes of rich and poor most susceptible.
71
Why is assimilation considered undesirable and a danger to the Jewish people?
They are lost from Judaism. Nerve of Judaism is killed in them. Children never given a chance to embrace Jewishness.
72
What is the term for the political movement of Jewish return to Palestine?
Zionism Practical - get people to Palestine, statehood would follow. - Lovers of Zion - Leo Sinsker Political - Win support of great powers to sponsor the new nation. - Der Judenstaat - Theodor Herzl "True founder of Israel - vision of Jewish State"
73
What is the name of the modern Jewish state?
State of Israel
74
What is the capital of the modern Jewish state?
Jerusalem (not internationally recognized as such.) Tel Aviv Financial Center.
75
Who is a Jew?
(according to Wouk) 1. descendants of Abraham & tribe of Israel 2. takes on the worship of God and follows Moses
76
What is the only strictly Jewish symbol in the Ten Commandments?
Fourth Commandment - Keep the Sabbath Day Holy
Religion 355
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