Topic 1 - Cell Biology

Question 1

What types of cells are prokaryotic

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

What type of cells are eukaryotic

Answer 2

Plants and animals

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains genetic material

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration takes place here

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

Chemical reactions happen here

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

Holds cell together and controlls what goes in and out

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Where proteins are made

Question 8

Cell wall

Answer 8

It supports the cell

Question 9

Permanent vacuole (contains)

Answer 9

Cell sap

Question 10

Chloroplasts (2)

Answer 10

1.contain green chlorophyll
2.where photosynthesis occurs

Question 11

Name the 5 parts of a bacteria cell

Answer 11

Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Circular strand of dna
Plasmid

Question 12

Magnification =

Answer 12

Image size ÷ real size

Question 13

Millimeter to micrometer to nanometer

Answer 13

×1000
×1000

Question 14

Differences between light and electron microscopes

Answer 14

1.Light microscopes use light and lenses
2.Electron microscopes use electrons instead of light and have a higher magnification and resolution.

Question 15

Parts of a light microscopes (6)

Answer 15

Eyepiece
Coarse adjustment knob
Fine adjustment knob
Light
High and low power objective lense
Stage

CHLEFS

Question 16

What to include when drawing a magnified cell (4)

Answer 16

Title
Magnification
Labels
Real length

Question 17

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 17

Is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 18

What is different about the ability to differentiate in plant and animal cells?

Answer 18

Animal cells loose the ability to differentiate at an early stage.

Plant cells don’t ever loose the ability to differentiated

Question 19

How are sperms cells specialised for reproduction? (3)

Answer 19

It has a long tail and streamline head to help it swim to the egg

Lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed

Carries enzymes in head to digest through the egg cell membrane

Question 20

How are nerve cells specialised for rapid signalling? (2)

Answer 20

Long to cover more distance

Have branched connections at their ends to connect the other nerve cells to form a network

Question 21

How are muscle cells specialised for contraction? (2)

Answer 21

They are long so they have space to contract

Contain lots of mitochondria to generate energy needed

Question 22

How are root hair cells specialised for absorbing water and minerals? (1)

Answer 22

They grow out of the roots which gives the plant a bigger surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions

Question 23

What is the genetic material in the nucleus called?

Answer 23

Chromosomes

Question 24

Body cells normally have how many copies of each Chromosome?

Answer 24

2

Question 25

What are Chromosomes?

Answer 25

Long lengths of a molecule called dna

Question 26

What do Chromosomes carry?

Answer 26

A large number of genes

Question 27

What is mitosis?

Answer 27

When a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two identical

Question 28

Why do cells use mitosis?

Answer 28

Grow and develop Replace cells that have been damaged

Question 29

What happens during the growth and replication stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 29

1) Before it divides the cell has to grow and increase the amount of subcellular structures such as mitochondria and ribosomes. 2) it then duplicates its dna which is copied to form x shaped Chromosomes.

Question 30

What happens during the mitosis stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 30

1) the Chromosomes line up at the centre of cell 2) cell fibres pull them apart to opposite ends of the cell 3) membranes form around the Chromosomes which become the nuclei of the 2 cells 4) lastly the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

Question 31

What is binary fission?

Answer 31

A type of simple cell division used by prokaryotic cells

Question 32

The process of binary fission:

Answer 32

1) circular dna and plasmids replicate 2) cell gets bigger and dna strands move to opposite ends of the cell 3)the cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walls begin to form 4) the cytoplasm divides and makes 2 cells. Each one has one copy of circular dna but can have a variable amount of copies of the plasmids

Question 33

How do you estimate the number of bacteria in a population?

Answer 33

Mean division time

Question 34

What is the mean division time?

Answer 34

The average time it takes for one bacterial cell to divide into two