Topic 3 B Flashcards
(17 cards)
Features of your body which stop pathogens (3)
Skin acts as barrier
Hair and mucus trap particles in nose
Trachea and Bronchi have mucus to trap pathogens. They are lined with cilia which waft the mucus up to the back of the throat
Stomach produces hydrochloric acid
What are the 3 things White blood cells do to destroy pathogens
Consume them
Produce antibodies
Produce Antitoxins ( for bacteria)
How does vaccination work (3)
Inject a dead or inactive pathogen into body
Carry antigens causing body to produce antibodies to attack them and body now has memory cells
If the same type of pathogen appear after that, White blood cells can rapidly mass produce antibodies to kill it
Pros of vaccination
Control communicable diseases
Epidemics can be prevented if a lot of people are vaccinated
Cons of vaccination
Sometimes don’t work
Can have bad reaction
What do pain killers do
Relieve the pain
What do antibiotics ( penicillin) do
Kill the bacteria
How can bacteria become resistant to antibiotics
Mutations of bacteria can be resistant to the antibiotic
How to slow down the rate of development of resistant strains of diseases
Avoid oversubscribing antibiotics
Finish whole course of antibiotics
Which painkiller is developed from a chemical in willow
Aspirin
Which drug used to treat heart disease
Is developed from chemical in foxgloves
Digitalis
3 stages of drug testing
Tested on human cells and tissues
Test on live animals
Tested on human volunteers
When testing drugs you want to find out
Efficacy
Dose
Toxicity
Immune system defences
Phagocytosis
Antibodies
Anti toxins
Antibodys
Produced by white blood cells when they find an antigen attached to the surface of a cell that shouldn’t be there
Have complementary shape to antigen so lock onto it
Causes microorganisms to cluster so other White blood cells can injest them
3 types of drugs
Antiviral (viruses)
Antibiotics ( bacteria)
Painkillers
Superbugs
Bacteria resistant to antibiotics
Caused by random mutations and natural selection
