Topic 2 B Flashcards
(19 cards)
How air gets in and out
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
How to calculate breathing rate
Breaths per minute
What do valve’s do
Make sure blood flows in the right direction
How can arteries carry blood at high pressure
Walls strong and elastic
Thick wall
Contain layers of muscle
How can substances diffuse in and out of capillaries quickly
One cell thick permeable wall
Which type of blood vessel have valves
Veins
What is the liquid which carries everything in blood
Plasma
Process of the double circulatory system
- Deoxygenated blood enters into right atrium through vena cava
vein - The deoxgenated blood goes through right ventricle and is pumped towards lungs through pulmonary artery
- At lungs the blood exchanges co2 for oxygen
- Oxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium
- Oxygenated blood pumped through the left ventrical and out by the aorta
- Oxygenated blood gives body cells oxygen in exchange for co2
- Deoxgenated blood returns to heart through vena cava to the right atrium
Properties of veins
Thinner walls as lower pressure than arteries
Carry deoxgenated blood ( except pulmonary vein)
Transport blood to heart
Form whe capillaries join up
Valves
Wider lumen for more blood flow
Properties of arteries
Transport blood from heart
Carry oxygenated blood( apart from pulmonary artery)
Thick walls cause of high pressure
Elastic fibres allowing them to expand
Capillaries
Thin walls and pass close to body cells for efficient exchange of:
Food and oxygen moving out of blood and into cells
Waste products moving from cells into blood
Arteries branch into capillaries
Right side of heart
= left side of picture
Hiw does the heart pump blood
Once the atrium is filled with blood it contracts and pushes the blood to the ventricle, which does the same thing to push blood out of heart
Why is the heart a double circulatory system
Blood passes through the heart twice in each circuit
Gass exchange at the lungs
- Deoxygenated blood arrives at the lungs via the pulmonary artery
- Air is breathed in threw the trachea, through the Bronchi, through the bronchioles, and into the alveoli
- The alveoli exchange oxygen for co2 with the capillaries surrounding them
How do alveoli make gass exchange efficient
They have a large surface area
Surrounded by capillaries so distance to exchange is less
How are red blood cells adapted for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body cells
Small to pass through capillaries
Haemoglobin carys the oxygen
Bioncave shape means larger surface area so quicker diffusion
No nucleus means more room for Haemoglobin so maximises amount of oxygen cell can carry
What is plasma( what blood is made up of) made out of
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Platelets
Trigger blood clotting at sight of wound
No nucleus
