TOPIC 1 - Introductory Lesson + GENERAL OSTEOLOGY Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Basic substances of protoplasm:
Little structural function but provide
most of nutritional requirements
A
Carbohydrates
2
Q
Cellular adaptation marked by quantitative increase in the number of cells in tissues or organ.
A
Hyperplasia
3
Q
Liquid portion of cytoplasm
A
Cytosol
4
Q
Give some examples of phagocytic cells.
A
Mobile macrophages, neutrophil and eosinophil
5
Q
Cellular adaptation marked by qualitative increase in size.
A
Hypertrophy
6
Q
What are the bones of true leg/crus?
A
Tibia and fibula
7
Q
Parts of typical cell:
- Paired organelle located in centrosome
- Helps in the formation and guides the spindle fiber
during mitosis and meiosis
A
Centriole
8
Q
Somatic cell divides through ?
A
Mitosis
9
Q
Other term for sex cells.
A
Germ cells/gametes
10
Q
Give the 4 major cations.
A
Na+, K+, Ca+, Ma+
11
Q
How many ATP’s are formed per Kreb Cycle?
A
36
12
Q
Give some examples of hollow bones.
A
Humerus, clavicle, and sternum
13
Q
Nucleolus contains ___.
A
RNA
14
Q
Ends or extremities of long bones
A
Epiphysis
15
Q
Bones found in dog’s penis
A
Os penis or baculum
16
Q
Type of bones that is dorsoventrally flattened, protective, and afford large area for muscle attachment.
A
Flat bone
17
Q
Basic substances of protoplasm:
Provide inorganic chemicals for cellular
reactions
A
Electrolytes
18
Q
Abnormal bone in cats with relation to hormonal balance
A
Os clitoris
19
Q
Subbranch of gross anatomy that deals with muscles
A
Myology
20
Q
Type of bones that is irregularly shaped and has varied function, usually for support and ligament attachment.
A
Irregular bones
21
Q
Bones of axial skeleton
A
VC, skull, ribs, and sternunm
22
Q
Target site of growth
hormone (somatotropin
produced by anterior
pituitary gland); part of
metaphysis
A
Epiphyseal plate
23
Q
Resting phase of cell cycle
A
Interphase
24
Q
Shaft of long bones
A
Diaphysis
25
Cellular adaptation marked by transformation of one type of cell into
another (e.g. simple cuboidal cell into simple
columnar cell; from fibrous connective tissue to mucoid connective tissue, cartilage, or bone)
Metaplasia
26
Parts of typical cell:
Destroys foreign agents (esp in phagocytic
cells/cells capable of engulfing bacteria and viruses)
Lysosome and peroxisome
27
What are the bones of pes?
Tarsal, metatarsal, and phalanges
28
What are bone/s found in thigh?
Femur
29
What are the bone/s found in upper arm?
Humerus
30
Parts of typical cell:
Freely suspended in cytoplasm;
protein synthesis for INTERNAL USE
Free ribosomes
31
Parts of typical cell:
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
32
Strongest form of carbohydrates, found in liver and skeletal muscles.
Glycogen
33
Parts of typical cell:
Responsible for protein synthesis intended for external use.
RER
34
What are the bones found in shoulder girdle?
Coracoid, scapula, and clavicle
35
Hard bone tissue between periosteum and endosteum
Compact bone
36
Give some examples of sesamoid bones.
Patella
37
Physical, chemical and toxic insults to cell leads to cellular ___.
Cellular adaptation
38
Liquid portion of nucleus
Nuclear sap
39
Basic substances of protoplasm:
2% of cell mass
Lipids or fats
40
Cellular adaptation marked by reversion of cell to primitive type or state; becomes undifferentiated; cell organelles decrease or
lost
Anaplasia
41
Basic substances of protoplasm:
Principal fluid medium constituting
70 to 85% of cell mass
Water or H2O
42
All cells in the body except germ cells.
Somatic cell
43
Parts of typical cell:
Packages secretory products of RER and SER prior to release out of the cell
Golgi apparatus
44
Simplest form of sugar carbohydrates for cellular metabolism and energy.
Glucose
45
Give the 4 major anions.
Cl-, PO4-, SO4-, HCO3-
46
What are the bones found in forearm?
Radius and ulna
47
Soft spongy bone
Cancellous bone
48
Splanchnic bone in chicken's skull
Entoglossal bone
49
Percentage of inorganic framework in the composition of bones.
2/3 - 65 to 70%
50
Parts of typical cell:
- Storage for nutrients, proteins, and pigment
- More important in plant cell
Vacuole
51
It is the similarities and differences between body parts of domestic animals.
Comparative anatomy
52
Cellular adaptation marked by abnormality in cell size, shape, and orientation.
Dysplasia
53
Type of protein that is fibular or filamentous.
Structural
54
Peroxisome secretes what enzyme?
Oxidase
55
20% of inorganic framework of bones is composed of?
CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) and MgPO4 (magnesium phosphate)
56
Parts of typical cell:
Principal cell barrier regulating inflow and outflow of
cytoplasmic substances
Cell membrane
57
Junction between diaphysis and epiphysis
Metaphysis
58
Is nuclear membrane porous?
Yes
59
Phase after DNA synthesis and is ready to enter cell division
G2 pahse
60
Type of bones that act as levers and has epiphysis and diaphysis.
Long bones
61
Actual DNA synthesis phase
S phase
62
Basic structural and functional unit of life capable of performing series of physical and chemical processes
necessary for survival
Cell
63
Lysosome secretes what enzymes?
Hydrolase
64
Cell division phase marked by sister chromatids attachment to spindle fibers moving toward opposite poles.
Anaphase
65
Phase prior to DNA synthesis
G1 phase
66
What are the bones found in manus?
Carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
67
Type of bones that resembles that shape of sesame seeds.
Sesamoid bones
68
Cell division phase: Separated chromatids become chromosomes
of 2 daughter cells, and nucleolus and nuclear membrane
reappear.
Telophase
69
80% of inorganic framework of bones is composed of?
CaPO4 (calcium phosphate)
70
Storage form of lipid in fat cells or adipose or abdominal fats.
Triglycerides
71
Type of protein that is composed of individual protein molecules; usually spherical
Globular
72
Cellular adaptation marked by qualitative decrease in size.
Atrophy
73
Study of animal
tissues or parts invisible to the eye (e.g blood cells, hepatocytes – structural unit of liver, osteocytes – a bone cell, enterocytes – found in intestines)
Microscopic anatomy or histology
74
Give some examples of flat bones.
Os coxae, scapula
75
Subbranch of gross anatomy that deals with cardiovascular or circulatory structures
Angiology
76
Cell division phase marked by lining up of chromosomes along the equatorial plane.
Metaphase
77
SOMATIC:HAPLOID::GAMETES:DIPLOID
Correct or wrong?
Wrong
78
Give 5 long bones.
Humerus, femur, radius, ulna, tibia
79
Collective term for different substances that make up
the cell.
Protoplasm
80
CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) and MgPO4 (magnesium phosphate) gives ___ and ___ to bones.
Hardness and rigidity
81
What are bones found in pelvic girdle/os coxae?
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
82
Subbranch of gross anatomy that deals with special senses
Aesthesiology
83
Cell division phase marked by dissolution of nuclear membrane and condensation of nuclear materials.
Prophase
84
Subbranch of gross anatomy that deals with bones
Osteology
85
Basic substances of protoplasm:
Most abundant substance next to water;
10 to 20% of cell mass
Proteins
86
Subbranch of gross anatomy that deals with joints and articulation
Arthrology and syndesmology
87
Give some examples of short bones.
Carpals and tarsals.
88
Deals with animal parts visible to naked eye (eyes, tongue, skin) and internal organs
(heart, lungs, kidneys, brain)
Veterinary Anatomy
89
Perforation or opening where nutrients enter into bone marrow
Nutrient foramen
90
Bone present in heart of the ox
Os cordis
91
Give some examples of irregular bone.
Vertebra, base of the skull (cranium)
92
Subbranch of gross anatomy that deals with nervous structures
Neurology
93
Subbranch of gross anatomy that deals with visceral organs =
Splanchnology
94
- Houses the bone marrow
- Responsible for blood cell formation (PHSC –
pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell)
Medullary cavity
95
Parts of typical cell:
Contains DNA
Nucleus and mitochondria
96
Lines epiphyseal ends
Articular cartilage
97
What are the 3 divisions of skeletal system?
Axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, and splanchnic bones.
98
Cellular adaptation marked by atypical cellular structure and
increased mitotic figure. It is also the hallmark of tumors and cancers.
Neoplasia
99
Parts of typical cell:
Responsible for lipid, steroid, and carbohydrate synthesis intended for external use.
SER
100
Square bone present in the snout of the pig
Os rostri
101
Inner lining of bone
Endosteum
102
GAG/ glucoseaminoglycan contains ___ ___.
Chondroitin sulfate
103
Type of bones that diffuse concussions.
Short bones
104
Outer lining of bone
Periosteum
105
The organic framework of bones is composed of ?
Hint: It is made up of collagen and polysaccharide.
GAG/glycosaminoglycans
106
Type of bones that is hollow and connected to bird's respiratory system.
Pneumatic bones
107
Percentage of organic framework in the composition of bones.
1/3 - 30 to 35%
