TOPIC 4.1 - COMPARATIVE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
This animal’s esophagus is voluntary as far as the base of the heart.
A
Horse
2
Q
This animal’s esophagus is easily dilatable and voluntary throughout.
A
Ox/Sheep
3
Q
This animal’s esophagus is voluntary until the last few inches near the cardia.
A
Pig
4
Q
This animal’s esophagus is voluntary throughout and it is constricted ventrally at the origin by thick layer of mucous glands.
A
Dog
5
Q
In dogs, their esophagus has ventral constriction called?
A
Isthmus esophagi
6
Q
In horses, the average capacity of their stomach is?
A
3 gallons
7
Q
In horse, the non-glandular is separated from glandular region by an irregular ridge called?
A
Margo plicatus
8
Q
In horse, the non-glandular left extremity in the horse is called?
A
Saccus caecus
9
Q
In pigs, the average capacity of their stomach is?
A
2 gallons
10
Q
In pig, the left extremity of the stomach has a blind pouch called?
A
Diverticulum ventriculi
11
Q
In pig, a prominence of fat and fibrous tissue projects into the pylorus from the wall of the lesser curvature called?
A
Torus pyloricus
12
Q
This animal’s stomach is pear-shaped and distensible
A
Dog
13
Q
In dogs, the average capacity of their stomach is?
A
4 pints
14
Q
This stomach is compound compared to the stomach of other domestic animals
A
Ruminant Stomach
15
Q
What are the four compartments or the ruminant stomach?
A
- Rumen
- Reticulum
- Omasum
- Abomasum
16
Q
True or False. In young calves/cattles, the omasum secretes rennin that curdles milk. Once mixed with milk, it solidifies.
A
False. Abomasum
17
Q
This compartment in the ruminant is where the gastric glands are present.
A
Abomasum
18
Q
The rumen, reticulum, and omasum are in fact dilation in the walls of the ____ ____.
A
Abdominal esophagus
19
Q
Rumen, reticulum, and omasum are collectively termed as ?
A
Ventriculi
20
Q
The mucous membrane of the interior of rumen, reticulum, and omasum is covered with what epithelium? (this type of epithelium makes them non-glandular)
A
Stratified squamous epithelium
21
Q
The esophagus of ruminants enters the stomach at an area known as the ?
A
Atrium ventriculi
22
Q
The atrium ventriculi of ruminants is situated at the vertebral extremities of ___ and ___ ribs, slightly to the left of the mid-line.
A
8th and 9th
23
Q
Rumen occupies most of the ___ half of the abdominal cavity from the ___ intercostals space to the ___ inlet.
A
left, 7th, pelvic
24
Q
The mucous membrane of rumen vary in form. What are the variations?
A
- Foliate
- Filiform
- Club-shaped
25
The most anterior and smallest of the non-glandular stomach of ruminants.
Reticulum
26
The greater part of reticulum lies on the ___ side of the median plane opposite to ribs ___, ___, and ___.
left, 6,7,8
27
The mucous membrane of the interior of reticulum is thrown into ridges, hence, forming what appearance?
Honeycomb appearance
28
Omasum of ruminants lies chiefly on the ___ side of the mid-line from the ___ to ___ ribs.
right, 7th, 11th
29
This compartment of ruminant is an elongated sac which lies chiefly on the abdominal floor.
Abomasum
30
The anterior end or fundus of abomasum is in the ___ region.
xiphoid (caudal portion of sternum)
31
The reticulum functions as a fermentation trap for the digestion of herbivorous foods. True or False?
False, rumen.
32
In order for liquids such as milk to be carried to the omasum and hence to the glandular stomach without having to go through the rumen, or other proventriculi, this form a channel which is continues with esophagus.
Two muscular lips/Esophageal groove
33
The esophageal groove begins at what part of the ruminant's stomach.
Cardia
34
The esophageal groove of ruminants passes ventrally on the medial wall of the ___ and ___.
Atrium and reticulum
35
The esophageal groove of ruminants ends at the ?
Reticulo-omasal orifice
36
In calves, omasal groove is present. True or False?
True
37
The esophageal groove has a spiral course of what patterm?
B - backwards
O - outwards
D - downwards
F - forwards
I - inwards
38
What is the length of small intestine in horse?
70 feet
39
In horse, about 6 inches from the pylorus, the duodenum has a pouch called?
Diverticulum duodeni
40
The ___ ___ and ___ ___ open in the diverticulum duodeni of horse.
Ventral pancreatic, hepatic ducts
41
In horse, the dorsal or accessory pancreatic duct opens on small papilla opposite the diverticulum. True or False?
True
42
What is the length of ox's small intestine?
130 feet
43
In ox, duodenum commences with a ?
Sigmoid flexure
44
There is a presence of ventral pancreatic duct in ox. True or False?
False
45
In ox, the bile duct opens in the dorsal part of the small intestine. True or False?
False, ventral part
46
What is the length of small intestine of sheep and goat?
80 feet
47
In sheep/goat, the bile duct is joined by the ventral pancreatic duct and dorsal pancreatic duct to form a common bile duct. True or False?
False, they have no dorsal/accessory pancreatic duct.
48
In sheep/goat, there is no accessory pancreatic duct. True or False?
True
49
In sheep/goat, the common bile duct opens into the duodenum about ___ from the pylorus.
1 foot
50
What is the length of small intestine of pig?
60 feet
51
In pig, bile duct opens how many inches from pylorus?
2 inches
52
How many pancreatic duct are there in pigs?
Just 1
53
In pigs, a single pancreatic duct opens how many inches beyond the pylorus?
5 inches
54
What is the length of small intestine of pig?
13 feet
55
In dogs, bile duct and pancreatic duct open how many inches beyond pylorus?
2 inches
56
In dogs, the dorsal pancreatic duct opens 2 inches further back. True or False?
True
57
In horse's large intestine, this segment is a blind and comma-shaped sac.
Caecum
58
What is the length of caecum in horse?
4 feet
59
Caecum in horse has how many taenia and haustra?
4 each
60
What is the length of colon in horse?
10 feet
61
Give the 4 parts of large colon of horse and their specific location.
1. Right ventral colon - ventral diaphragmatic flexure
2. Left ventral colon - pelvic flexure
3. Left dorsal colon - dorsal diaphragmatic flexure
4. Right dorsal colon - transverse colon
62
Large colon in horse commences at the base of the ___ and terminates under the ___ kidney by becoming small colon.
caecum, left
63
Small colon in horse commence at the termination of the ___ ___ behind the ___ ___ of the stomach and is continued at the ___ ___ as rectum.
large colon, saccus caecus, pelvic inlet
64
Small colon in horse is approximately how many feet in length and how many inches in diameter?
12 feet, 4 inches
65
Small colon in horse has how many taenia and hausta?
2 each
66
In horse, at the rectum's termination, it has a flask-shaped dilation called?
Ampulla recti
67
In ox and sheep, there are 2 taenias and haustras. True or False?
False, no presence of taenia and haustra.
68
What are the two parts of colon in ox/sheep? Give their other term too.
1. Ansa spiralis
2. Ansa distalis
69
Spiral portion of the colon of ox/sheep is arranged against the ___ flank in double elliptical coils between the ___.
right, mesentery
70
The elliptical coils of the colon of ox/sheep are alternatively ____ and ____.
Centripetal and centrifugal
71
Centripetal means?
Into the interior or toward the center
72
Centrifugal means?
To the exterior or away from the center
73
Same as horse, ox and sheep has ampulla in the rectum. True or False?
False, no ampulla.
74
The caecum of ox and sheep is in what shape ?
Cylindrical
75
Caecum in horse and sheep is situated at the ___ side.
Left
76
How many taenias in colon are there in ox/sheep?
3
77
In this animal, the caecum has a spiral twist and is small and finger-like.
Ox/sheep
78
This animal's liver has no gallbladder.
Horse
79
This animal's liver is not divided into lobes.
Ox
80
This animal's liver has caudate process visible from parietal surface.
Ox
81
In sheep's liver, its caudate process is visible from parietal surface. True or False?
False
82
This animal's liver's parenchyma has a morocco leather appearance.
Pig
83
Pig's liver is well-divided into 4 main lobes. True or False?
True
84
In this animal's liver, caudal vena cava is embedded in the parenchyma.
Pig
85
In pigs, gallbladder makes impression on liver. True or False?
False, gallbladder is sunk in a fossa
86
This animal's spleen is triangular in shape has suspensory ligament.
Horse
87
This animal's spleen is elongated with thin rounded extremities.
Ox
88
This animal's spleen has short hilus and has no suspensory ligament.
Ox
89
This animal's spleen is the same with ox but triangular in shape.
Sheep
90
This animal's spleen is strap-like and has long hilus.
Pig
91
This animal's spleen is in falciform-shaped, long, narrow, and has hilus that is in longitudinal ridge.
Dog
92
This animal's pancreas has dorsal and ventral ducts.
Horse
93
In horse's pancreas, ventral duct and dorsal duct are the same size. True or False?
False, ventral duct is larger
94
This animal's pancreas in quadrilateral in shape and has only dorsal duct which enters the duodenum one foot after the bile duct.
Ox
95
This animal's pancreas has only ventral duct and unites with hepatic duct and enters duodenum as common bile duct.
Sheep
96
This animal's pancreas is triradiate in shape and has a single duct.
Pig
97
This animal's pancreas has right and left branches and has two ducts present.
Dog
98
Dog's pancreas are comprised of right and left branches which meet at ___ angle behind ___.
acute, pylorus
99
This animal's soft palate is long, precluding oral breathing and vomiting.
Horse
100
Horse's tonsil is diffused being situated in ? (Hint: 3 answers)
1. Sinus
2. Root of tongue
3. Soft palate
101
This animal's soft palate is bean-shaped circumscribed tonsil in sinus.
Ox/sheep
102
This animal's soft palate has small median prolongatic termed the uvula.
Pig
103
The three tonsils of soft palate of the pigs is situated in ?
1. Pharynx
2. Soft palate
3. Sinus
104
This animal's soft palate is fusiform-shaped.
Dog
105
This animal's hard palate is divided into 2 equal portion by the central raphe.
Horse
106
This animal's hard palate has rugae that extends only 2/3 of the length of palate.
Ox
107
In horse, the palatine ridges only extends 1/3 of the hard palate. True or False?
False, extends from start to caudal.
108
Last few rugae of the hard palate of this animal are serrated on their free borders.
Ox
109
This animal's hard palate rugae is not serrated thus distinguishing it from ox.
Sheep
110
In sheep's hard palate, the opening of nasopalatine ducts form a prominent ___ on either side of the ___ ___ ___.
V, central incisive papilla
111
This animal's hard palate is long and narrow and equal in width throughout.
Pig
112
This animal's hard palate has both rugae and media raphe well marked.
Pig
113
This animal's hard palate has incisive papilla that is prominent anteriorly/
Pig
114
The median raphe of this animal's hard palate is replaced by a ridge.
Dog
115
The hard palate of dog is widest at about the ___ cheek tooth.
4th
116
This animal's hard palate is in triangular orientatio.
Dog
