TOPIC 6 - CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
A
Heart
2
Q
Heart is situated in ?
A
Mediastinum between left & right lungs
3
Q
Channels through which blood blows and distributes throughout the body.
A
Blood vessels
4
Q
A circulatory fluid within the cardiovascular system.
A
Blood
5
Q
Outer layer of heart
A
Epicardium
6
Q
Inner layer of heart
A
Endocardium
7
Q
Middle layer of heart
A
Myocardium
8
Q
Chamber of heart that forms the apex
A
Left ventricle
9
Q
What is the largest cardiac valve?
A
Left ventricle
10
Q
2nd largest cardiac valve
A
Right ventricle
11
Q
4th largest cardiac valve
A
Right atrium
12
Q
3rd largest cardiac valve
A
Left atrium
13
Q
Valves situated between atrium and left ventricle
A
AV valves
14
Q
Valve situated between right atrium and right ventricle
A
Right AV/Tricuspid valve
15
Q
Valve situated between left atrium and left ventricle
A
Left AV/Mitral/Bicuspid valve
16
Q
Which of the following valves resemble the bishop’s miter?
A
Left AV/Mitral/Bicuspid valve
17
Q
These are half-moon shaped valves.
A
Semilunar valves
18
Q
Valve situated between left ventricle and aorta
A
Aortic valve
19
Q
Valve situated between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
A
Pulmonic valve
20
Q
Pointed portion of heart directed caudally
A
Apex
21
Q
Wide portion of the heart directed cranially
A
Base
22
Q
Ear-like appendages attached to right atrium and left atrium
A
Auricles
23
Q
Supporting structure of left and right AV valves and is cord-like
A
Chordae tendinae
24
Q
Chordae tendinae is attached to ?
A
Papillary muscles
25
Papillary muscles is situated inside of ?
Left and right ventricles
26
Vein and artery that supplies blood to the heart
Coronary blood vessels
27
Passageway of deoxygenated blood from coronary veins
Coronary sinus
28
The heart extends _____ on the left side under the _____ rib.
3/5's, 6th
29
On an average, the heart weighs about _____ percent of the total body weight.
0.7
30
The apex of heart in this animal is handsbreadth above olecranon.
Horse
31
In horse, the base of heart lies between ____ and ____ on a level with ____ rib cartilage.
3rd; 6th; 16th
32
Venous blood is carried to the sinus venous of the right atrium by? (Hint: 3 answers)
1. Cranial and caudal vena cava
2. Vena azygos
3. Right and left coronary veins
33
Trace the flow of blood starting from venous return in heart.
Right atrium -> Tricuspid valve -> Right ventricle -> Pulmonary valve -> Pulmonary artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary vein -> Left atrium -> Bicuspid valve -> Left ventricle -> Aortic valve -> Aorta -> Systemic circulation
34
The weight of the heart of the horse is approximately ?
100 lbs
35
Between the cranial and caudal border of heart of horse, which is first convex then become concave ?
Caudal border
36
Between the cranial and caudal border of heart of horse, which is purely convex ?
Cranial border
37
This animal has very fatty heart and has two bones.
Ox/cattle
38
This animal's heart is the most pointed among all domestic animals.
Sheep
39
This animal's heart has double apex.
Pig
40
This animal's heart's apex is blunt and rounded, making the shape of heart ovoid.
Dog
41
Fibro-serous sac which completely encloses the heart
Pericardium
42
Outermost layer of pericardium
Fibrous layer
43
Inner/second layer of pericardium
Serous layer
44
The visceral surface of serous layer of pericardium faces ?
Heart's epicardium
45
The parietal surface of serous layer of pericardium faces ?
Fibrous pericardium
46
Between fibrous and serous layer, which layer does heart makes an invagination ?
Serous layer
47
The invagination made by heart in serous layer of pericardium contains fluid called ?
Pericardial fluid/Liquor pericardiii
48
Pericardial fluid can be found in between of ?
Parietal and visceral pericardium
49
Pericardium is referred to as epicardium. True or False?
True
50
Blood vessels that transport blood that is mostly O2-enated away from the heart
Artery & arterioles
51
3 arteries that doesn't supply O2-rich blood
1. Pulmonary artery
2. Omphalomesenteric artery
3. Umbilical artery
52
Blood vessels that transport blood (mostly deoxygenated) toward the
heart.
Veins and venules
53
3 veins that doesn't supply deoxygenated blood
1. Pulmonic vein
2. Omphalomesenteric vein
3. Umbilical vein
54
Microscopic to small blood vessels serving as site for
exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products
between tissues and circulation
Capillaries
55
Inner layer of blood vessels containing endothelial cells.
Tunica intima
56
Middle layer of blood vessels containing smooth muscles.
Tunica media
57
Outermost layer of blood vessels containing connective tissues
Tunica adventitia
58
What are the solid components of blood ?
1. RBC
2. WBC
3. Platelets
4. Lymphocytes
59
Biconcave discs which contain O2-carrying
molecule
RBC
60
Trace the RBC formation/erythropoiesis
1. Proerythroblast
2. Basophilic erythroblast
3. Polychromatophilic
4. Orthochromatophilic
5. Reticulocytes
6. Matured RBC
61
Last stage in the RBC development that is nucleated
Orthochromatophilic
62
Stage in RBC development that is indicator of regenerative anemia.
Reticulocytes
63
Serves as soldiers of body capable of fighting infections
WBC
64
Counterpart of neutrophils in avian
Heterophils
65
Type of granulocytes that has presence of hypersegmented or multi-lobed nucleus
Neutrophils
66
Neutrophils increase when there is _____ infection and decrease when there is _____ infection.
bacterial, viral
67
Type of granulocytes that has bilobed nucleus
Eosinophils
68
Eosinophils increase when there is _____ infection.
parasitic
69
Type of granulocytes that has unilobed to bilobed nucleus
Basophil
70
Basophil increases when there is ____ reaction.
allergic
71
Type of agranulocytes that is bean-shaped and can transform into a cell capable of phagocytosis
Monocytes
72
Monocytes can turn into three types of macrophage. What are these?
1. Epithelioid macrophages
2. Resident/fixed macrophages
3. Mobile macrophages
73
Between mobile, epithelioid, and fixed macrophages, which is highly phagocytic?
Mobile macrophages
74
Between mobile, epithelioid, and fixed macrophages, which can form into multi-nucleated giant cell ?
Epithelioid macrophages
75
Types of giant cell
1. Touton
2. Langhans
3. Foreign body
76
Resident macrophages of kidney
Extraglomerular mesongial cells
77
Resident macrophages of skin
Histiocytes
78
Resident macrophages of brain
Microglia
79
Resident macrophages of lungs
Alveolar macrophages
80
Resident macrophages of small intestine
Peyer's patches
81
Resident macrophages of liver
Vonn Kupffer cells
82
Lymphocytes produced in thymus
T-cells
83
Lymphocytes produced from Bursa and bone marrow
B-cells
84
Between T-cells and B-cells, which produces memory cells and immunoglobulins?
B-cells
85
Infectious bursa disease/Gumboro virus occurs because there is not enough T-cell. True or False?
False, B-cell.
86
Largest antibody containing 5-sided structure which is responsible for primary responses
IgM
87
Most common antibody and can be found in colostrum; 2nd response
IgG
88
Antibody that is monomer in serum but dimer in secretion (tears, saliva, milk, bile, mucuous, etc.)
IgA
89
Antibody that increases when there is allergic or parasitic infection
IgE
90
Poorly understood antibody; antigen receptor to antibody esp. in IgG
IgD
91
Highest secretion of IgG can be found in what animal ?
Cow
92
Between plasma and serum, which has clotting factors ?
Plasma
93
Remnants of bone marrow megakaryocytes capable of forming a plug and play a role in clotting mechanisms
Platelets
94
Other term for clotting factor # 1
Fibrinogen
95
Other term for clotting factor # 2
Prothrombin
96
Other term for clotting factor # 3
Thromboplastin
97
Other term for clotting factor # 4
Calcium
98
Other term for clotting factor # 5
Proaccelerin (heat-labile)
99
Other term for clotting factor # 7
Proconvertin (heat-stable)
100
Other term for clotting factor # 8
Anti-hemophilic globulin/Anti-hemophilic factor A
101
Other term for clotting factor # 9
Plasma thrombloplastin component/Xmas Factor/AHF B
102
Other term for clotting factor # 10
Stuart power factor
103
Other term for clotting factor # 11
Plasma thromboplastin antecedent/AHF C
104
Other term for clotting factor # 12
Hageman factor
105
Other term for clotting factor # 13
Fibrin-stabilizing factor
106
2 main branches of aorta
Thoracic and abdominal aorta
107
Point of demarcation of thoracic and abdominal aorta
Diaphragm
108
Outline of important blood vessels: Brachiocephalic trunk branches into ? (trace the branching)
Axillary - Musculocutaneous - Brachial - Radial - Medial - Ulnar - Digital
109
What are the 2 branches of carotid artery ?
Internal and external carotid artery
110
Branch of carotid artery supplying the internal head structures
Internal carotid artery
111
Branch of carotid artery supplying the outer head structures
External carotid artery
112
Outline of important blood vessels: External carotid branches into artery branches into ?
1. Auricular
2. Palpebral
3. Facial
4. Dorsal nasal
5. Lingual
113
Outline of important blood vessels: Subclavian artery supplies blood to the branches of ? (Hint: 3 answers)
1. Vertebral
2. Cervical
3. Thoracic
114
Outline of important blood vessels: Thoracic aorta branches into? (Hint: 5 answers)
1. Coeliac artery (stomach, liver, spleen)
2. Cranial mesenteric (small intestine)
3. Renal (kidney)
4. Gonadal (testicular/ovarian)
5. Caudal mesenteric (large intestine)
115
Outline of important blood vessels: Two branches of iliac artery
Internal and external iliac artery
116
Outline of important blood vessels: External iliac artery branches into ? (Hint: 4 answers)
1. Femoral
2. Popliteal (knee region)
3. Cranial and caudal tibial (leg region)
4. Digital
117
Outline of important blood vessels: Last branch of thoracic aorta
Caudal artery
118
What is the main systematic arterial trunk?
Aorta
119
Subdivisions of aorta
1. Ascending aorta
2. Aortic arch
3. Descending aorta
120
Ascending aorta of thoracic aorta arises from ____ ventricle; ends by becoming ____ ____ after giving off ____ ____.
left; aortic arch; coronary arteries
121
What are the branches of ascending aorta of thoracic aorta ?
1. Right coronary
2. Left coronary
122
Aortic arch of thoracic aorta begins after origin of ____ ____; ends when vessel comes into contact with ____ ____.
coronary arteries; vertebral column
123
What are the branches of aortic arch (of thoracic aorta)?
1. Brachiocephalic
2. Left subclavian
124
Descending aorta of thoracic aorta arises as continuation of aortic arch and ends by becoming abdominal aorta at ____ ____.
aortic hiatus
125
What are the branches of descending aorta (of thoracic aorta)?
1. 9/10 intercostals
2. 2/3 bronchials
3. 2/3 esophageals
126
Abdominal aorta arises as continuation of thoracic aorta at aortic hiatus and ends at ____ lumbar vertebra by dividing into two ____ ____, two ____ ____ and a middle ____.
7th; internal iliacs; external iliacs; sacral
127
What are the branches of abdominal aorta?
1. Phrenics
2. Coeliac (gastric, hepatic, splenic)
3. Cranial mesenteric
4. Renal
5. Gonadal
6. Caudal mesenteric
7. Common iliac
8. External iliac
9. Internal iliac
128
Brachiocephalic arises from aortic arch in the ____ planes and passes to ____ inlet ventral to ____; ends by dividing into ____ ____ and ____ ____ ____.
median; thoracic; right subclavian; right common carotid
129
What are the branches of brachiocephalic ?
1. Left common carotid
2. Right subclavian
3. Right common carotid
130
The right and left common carotids arise from brachiocephalic. In neck. right lies on ____, left on ____. Both vessels end under ____ of ____.
trachea; esophagus; wing of atlas
131
What are the branches of common carotid?
1. External carotid
2. Internal carotid
3. Thyroid
4. Pharyngeal
5. Lingual
6. Occipital
132
Left subclavian arises from ____ ____. Right subclavian arises from _____. Ends at level of ____ rib by becoming _____.
aortic arch; brachiocephalic; 1st; axillary
133
What are the branches of subclavian artery?
1. Vertebral
2. Costo-cervical trunk
3. Thyro-cervical trunk
4. Internal thoracic
134
Subscapular arises from ____ and passes between _____ and _____ _____ muscles. Ends by supplying ?
axillary; subscapular; teres major
ends by supplying:
1. supraspinatus
2. deltoideus
3. trapezius
4. brachiocephalic muscles
135
What are the branches of subscapular artery?
1. Anterior/cranial circumflex humeral
2. Posterior/caudal cirumflex humeral
3. Thoracodorsal
4. Circumflex scapular
136
Brachial artery arise as continuation of axillary at distal border of ____ ____. Ends by becoming median under _____ _____ _____.
teres major; pronator teres muscle
137
What are the branches of brachial artery ?
1. Deep brachial/brachial
2. Collateral ulnar (proximal)
3. Collateral proximal radial
4. Collateral distal radial
5. Median
138
Femoral artery arises as continuation of ____ _____ in ____ _____. Ends by becoming _____ between heads of ______.
external iliac; femoral triangle; popliteal; gastrocnemius
139
What are the branches of femoral artery?
1. Common femoral
2. Profunda femoris
3. Superficial femoral
4. Popliteal
140
Popliteal artery arises as continuation of _____ between heads of _____. Ends on a level with _____-_____ joint by dividing into ?
femoral; gastrocnemius; femoro-tibial
by dividing into:
1. Anterior tibial
2. Posterior tibial
3. Peroneal
141
Vein that drains almost all of blood from abdomen, pelvis, and pelvic limbs.
Caudal vena cava
142
Caudal vena cava is formed by confluence of right and left ____ ____ ____ at ____ lumbar vertebra. Opens into _____ part of _____ atrium.
common iliac veins; 7th; posterior; right
143
What are the tributaries of caudal vena cava?
(1) Common iliac
(2) Lumbars
(3) Deep circumflex iliacs
(4) Internal spermatic (testicular or ovarian)
(5) Renal
(6) Phrenico-abdominals
(7) Hepatic (right, middle, left)
(8) Phrenic
144
Vein that drains intestines, stomach, spleen, & pancreas. Formed ventral to and to the right of origin of ____ ____ by confluence of two main venous trunks: ?
Ends by entering the ?
coeliac artery;
two main venous trunks:
(1) splenic and gastric veins
(2) cranial and caudal mesenteric veins
ends by entering the:
porta of liver
145
What are the tributaries of portal vein?
1. Pancreatics
2. Gastroduodenal (gastric & mesenteric)
146
Azygous veins drains greater part of chest wall. Arises as unpaired vessels by union of ____ and ____ lumbar veins and passes into thorax along vertebral bodies. Ends by curving towards heart at _____ thoracic vertebra and opening into _____ _____ _____ or _____ _____.
1st and 2nd;
ends by:
6th; cranial vena cava; right atrium
147
What are the tributaries of azygous vein?
(1) Dorsal intercostals
(2) Vena hemiazygos
(3) Oesopageal vein
(4) Bronchial vein
(5) Left and right intercostal veins
