Topic 15: Animal Nutrition and Digestive System

Question 1

Carbs convert to ______

Answer 1

monosaccharides

Question 2

Proteins convert to ______

Answer 2

amino acids

Question 3

Lipids convert to ______

Answer 3

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

fatty acids and glycerol are _____ energy sources and _____ building blocks

Answer 4

(major energy source)

major building block

Question 5

amino acids are _____ energy sources and _____ building block

Answer 5

(minor energy source)

major building block

Question 6

monosaccharides are _____ energy sources

Answer 6

(major energy source)

Question 7

Intracelluar digestion has _____ digestive cavity

cells _______ food in sponges

Answer 7

No digestive cavity

cells take in and break down their own food (sponges)

Question 8

Break down carbs

Answer 8

Amylases

Question 9

Break down proteins

Answer 9

Acid digestion and proteases

Question 10

Break down lipids

Answer 10

Emulsification by bile and lipases

Question 11

organ with upper skeletal muscle, lower smooth muscle

Answer 11

Esophagus

Question 12

Location of one sphincter in early digestive process

Answer 12

between esophagus and stomach

Question 13

main function is acid digestion of proteins

Answer 13

Stomach

Question 14

secrete HCl

Answer 14

parietal cells

Question 15

secrete pepsinogen

Answer 15

chief cells

Question 16

What cells are located in mucosa of stomach?

Answer 16

Parietal and chief cells

Question 17

Pepsinogen function and source

Answer 17

Chief cells secrete pepsinogen which are activated to become pepsin and hydrolyze proteins

Question 18

controls movement of chime from stomach to small intestine

Answer 18

Pyloric sphincter

Question 19

mixture of gastric juice and food

Answer 19

chyme

Question 20

main function is terminal digestion and absorption

Answer 20

Small intestine

Question 21

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 21

duodenum, jejunum, then ileum

Question 22

active digestion occurs at this part (in small intestine)

Answer 22

Duodenum

Question 23

food absorption into bloodstream at this part (small intestine)

Answer 23

Jejunum and ileum

Question 24

consists of bicarbonate, amylases, proteases, and lipases

Answer 24

Pancreatic juice

Question 25

emulsifies fat comes from the liver and may be stored in gall bladder

Answer 25

Bile

Question 26

cytoplasmic projections of villi

Answer 26

Microvilli

Question 27

responsible for final disaccharide digestion

Answer 27

Brush border enzymes

Question 28

_____ and _____ pass into blood capillaries with active transport

Answer 28

Monosaccharides and amino acids

Question 29

Monosaccharides and amino acids pass into ___________ with ____________

Answer 29

blood capillaries with active transport

Question 30

Food in bloodstream is first taken to ________

Answer 30

liver

Question 31

free fatty acids and monoglycerides convert into this (in epithelial cells)

Answer 31

Triglycerides

Question 32

Where are triglycerides made

Answer 32

epithelial cells

Question 33

triglycerides combined with proteins

Answer 33

Chylomicrons

Question 34

these pass into lymphatic capillaries (enter bloodstream at neck veins)

Answer 34

Chylomicrons

Question 35

breaks down polysaccharides into smaller polysaccharides or maltose (in oral cavity)

Answer 35

Salivary amylase

Question 36

Salivary amylase breaks down _______ into _______ or _______

Answer 36

smaller polysaccharides or maltose (in oral cavity)

Question 37

break down polysaccharides into disaccharides or maltose

Answer 37

Pancreatic amylases

Question 38

Pancreatic amylases break down ______ into ______ or _______

Answer 38

polysaccharides into disaccharides or maltose

Question 39

breaks down proteins into small polypeptides

Answer 39

Pepsin

Question 40

Pepsin breaks down ______ into _______

Answer 40

proteins into small polypeptides

Question 41

break down polypeptides into smaller ones

Answer 41

Pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin

Question 42

Pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin break down ______ into _______

Answer 42

polypeptides into smaller polypeptides

Question 43

breaks down small polypeptides into amino acids

Answer 43

Pancreatic carboxpeptidase

Question 44

Pancreatic carboxpeptidase breaks down ______ into ______

Answer 44

small polypeptides into amino acids

Question 45

break small peptides into amino acids

Answer 45

Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, and aminopeptidase

Question 46

Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, and aminopeptidase break _______ into ______

Answer 46

small peptides into amino acids

Question 47

break down

Answer 47

Pancreatic nucleases

Question 48

Pancreatic nucleases break down ______ into ______

Answer 48

DNA and RNA into nucleotides

Question 49

break down nucleotides into nucleosides

Answer 49

Nucleotidases

Question 50

Nucleotidases break down ______ into ______

Answer 50

nucleotides into nucleosides

Question 51

break down nucleosides into nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates

Answer 51

Nucleosidases and phosphatases

Question 52

Nucleosidases and phosphatases break down ______ into ______

Answer 52

nucleosides into nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates

Question 53

break down fat globules into fat droplets

Answer 53

Bile salts

Question 54

Bile salts break down ______ into ______

Answer 54

fat globules into fat droplets

Question 55

breaks down fat droplets into glycerol, fatty acids, and glycerides

Answer 55

Pancreatic lipase

Question 56

Pancreatic lipase breaks down ______ into ______

Answer 56

fat droplets into glycerol, fatty acids, and glycerides

Question 57

Pepsin is located in the

Answer 57

stomach

Question 58

Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, and aminopeptidase are located in the

Answer 58

brush border

Question 59

Nucleotidases are located in the

Answer 59

brush border

Question 60

Nucleosidases and phosphatases are located in the

Answer 60

brush border

Question 61

Bile salts are located in the

Answer 61

duodenum

Question 62

Lipase is located in the

Answer 62

duodenum

Question 63

Begins with cecum, ends in rectum Has no villi Main function is refuse compactor

Answer 63

Large intestine

Question 64

Digestive function of large intestine

Answer 64

Only 4% of all absorption

Question 65

Main absorptions of large intestine

Answer 65

sodium, vitamin K, and water

Question 66

fermentation chamber or storage in some animals First part of large intestine

Answer 66

Cecum

Question 67

All vertebrates except _______ have a cloaca

Answer 67

eutherian mammals

Question 68

Cause feces to pass into rectum

Answer 68

Peristaltic contractions

Question 69

Termites digest cellulose with

Answer 69

Protozoan aid

Question 70

Rodents and lagomorphs digest cellulose with

Answer 70

Aid of bacteria in their cecum

Question 71

Only animal that has cellulase

Answer 71

silverfish

Question 72

have a divided stomach with cecum (fermentation vat) where protozoans and bacteria aid cellulose digestion

Answer 72

Ruminants (cows, deer, etc.)

Question 73

Source of all vitamin K for mammals

Answer 73

Intestinal bacteria

Question 74

Vitamin K is needed for

Answer 74

blood clotting

Question 75

lysine, tryptophan, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine (histidine in children)

Answer 75

Essential amino acids in humans

Question 76

Essential minerals in humans

Answer 76

Ca, P, I, Co, Zn, Mn, Mo, Se, Fe