Topic 17 - Examination methods of the thorax. Examination of the respiration (breathing).

Question 1

Examination methods for examining the thorax:

Answer 1

1. Inspection
2. Palpation
3. Auscultation
4. Percussion

Question 2

Additional examination methods for examining the thorax:

Answer 2

1. X-ray
2. ultrasonography
3. endoscopy
4. bronchial fluid sample
5. bronchial fluid analysis
6. thoracentesis
7. biopsy
8. CT, MR,

Question 3

What do we examine with inspection of the thorax?

Answer 3

Chest
Respiratory movements

Question 4

Which parameters do we examine in the chest:

Answer 4

1. Skin
2. size, shape
3. bilateral symmetry
4. local deformities

Question 5

Which parameters do we examine for respiratory movements:

Answer 5

a) frequency
b) rhythm
c) type
d) depth

Question 6

What can you see?

Answer 6

Floating rib

Question 7

Normal frequency of respiratory movements?

Answer 7

30/min !!!!!

Question 8

When is it a normal for a dog to experience tachypnea?

Answer 8

= increased respiratory

1. Under movement
2. Excitement
3. Work
4. High temperature
5. Obesity
6. Pregnancy

Question 9

When is it a abnormal for a dog to experience tachypnea?

Answer 9

1. Fever
2. Hypoxia
3. Hypercapnia
4. Pain in respiratory organs

Question 10

When is it abnormal for a dog to experience bradypnoea?

Answer 10

= decreased respiratory rate

1. CNS disease
2. Toxicosis
3. Shock

Question 11

Normal respiration rhythm:

Answer 11

Inspiration is a bit longer than expiration, and it is rhytmical

Question 12

Cause of held inspiration:

Answer 12

Narrowed upper airways
Higher abdominal pressure

Question 13

Cause of held expiration:

Answer 13

Decreased lung capacity
Bronchitis

Question 14

Cause of shorter inspiration or expiration

Answer 14

Inhibition
Pain

Question 15

Cause of asymmetric breathing:

Answer 15

One of the main bronchus have an obstruction
Pain in one chest

Question 16

Cause of intermittent inspiration

Answer 16

Can be normal and abnormal

Question 17

Normal cause of intermittent inspiration:

Answer 17

During excitement
Long exhausting work

Question 18

Abnormal cause of intermittent inspiration:

Answer 18

Painful chest disorder

Question 19

Normal respiratory movement type:

Answer 19

costal-costoabdominal in dogs and cats

Question 20

Abnormal respiratory movement type:

Answer 20

Costal respiration
Abdominal respiration

Question 21

What can be the cause of a costal respiration?

Answer 21

• The function of the diaphragm is lost
• Increased abdominal pressure
• Narrowed upper airways
• Compression of the lungs

Question 22

What can be the cause of a abdominal respiration?

Answer 22

Painful chest disease
Paralysis of intercostal muscles

Question 23

Normal depth of respiratory movement:

Answer 23

Medium deep

Question 24

Abnormal depth of respiratory movements:

Answer 24

Shallow
Deep

Question 25

Causes of a shallow depth of respiratory movements

Answer 25

- Severe dyspnea - Painful diaphragm - Respiratory center damage

Question 26

Causes of a deep depth of respiratory movements

Answer 26

- After fast movement - At hypoxia - Sign of dyspnea

Question 27

What do we examine with palpation of the thorax?

Answer 27

Temperature Fremitus pectoralis Pain Check for deformities

Question 28

When can we observe Fremitus pectoralis?

Answer 28

during dry pleurisy, bronchitis, stenotic cardiac valves or valve insufficiency

Question 29

Two types of auscultation, what are they?

Answer 29

Direct = with ear Indirect = stethoscope

Question 30

Why do we perform percussion in case of a thoracic examination?

Answer 30

Acoustic and to localise pain. We localise the lung borders, determine gas contents

Question 31

Normal percussion sound in small animals:

Answer 31

Sharp High/low Resonant Long

Question 32

Normal percussion sound in large animals:

Answer 32

Sharp Low Resonant Short