Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Paramedic 02 > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Alcohol

Oxycodone

A

Most common substance abuse

Most licit abused is oxycodone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Posion

A

Substance that is toxic by nature no matter how it gets into the body or how much is taken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drug

A

A substance that has some therapeutic effect when given in appropiate circumstance and dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Overdose

A

When a drug, licit, or illicit, is taken in excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bioavailixbility

A

Describe the extent to which any drug is present in sufficient amounts to produce the desired effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Toxicological emergencies

A

Fall into two categories,

Intentional and unintentional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Toddlers

A

Will put anything in their mouth, including dangerous medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chloral Hydrate

A

Also known as “knock out drops” are used to commit assault for decades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rohypnol

A

Date Rape drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flunitrazepam

A

A powerful benzodiazepine that has both antegrade and retrograde amnesiac properties to erase memory for next 4-5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Posion Center Number

A

18002221222

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Four Methods of Absoprtion

A

Ingestion
Inhalation
Injection
Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ingested Posions

A

Immediate damage to tissues, or may be delayed for several hours

  • Look for stained fingers, lips, or tounge a
  • Sudden report of cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
  • look for empty pill bottles
  • ingestion is usually a more forgiving time frame for identification and treatment
  • Goal: remove or neutralize the posion before it gains access to intestines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inhaled Posions

A

First, the person will remained poisoned as long as they are exposed, as well as the paramedic
Second, atmosphere poisoning, you are likely to encounter more than one patient
-Home agents such as Clorox or Bleach are responsible for most inhalation Emergencies
-CO poisoning is a painless suicide
-CO can be caused by old furnaces as well
Inhaled substances reach the alveoli instantly gaining almost instant access to the circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Carbon Monoxide

A

Binds to hemoglobin 250x more readily than oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Injection Poisioning

A

Sting, bites from insects and animals

IV drugs such as meth, heroin, cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Absorption Posioning

A

When substance is absorbed through skin

E.g organophosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Toxidrome

A 
The Syndrome-like symptoms of a class or group of similar posionous agents
Are useful for remembering and management of different substances that fall under same clinical umbrella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Toxidrome Categories

A 
Stimulants
Narcotics
Cholinergics
Anticholinergics
Sympathomimetics
Sedative/Hypnotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stimulant Examples

A 
Amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
Diet Aids
Nasal Decongestants
Bath Salts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stimulants Signs and Symptoms

A

Restlessness, agitation, incessant talking

Insomnia, anorexia, dilated pupils, tachycardia, tachypnea, paranoia, seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Narcotic Examples

A 
Heroin
Opium
Morphine
Dilaudid (hydromorphine) 
Fentanyl
Oxycodone
Ambien
Secobarbital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Narcotic Signs and Symptoms

A

Constricted pupils, respiratory depression,

Needle tracks, drowsiness, coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sympathomimetic Examples

A

Pseudoephedrine, amphetamine, methamphetamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sympathomimetic Signs and Symptoms
Hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, hyperthermia, seizures
26
Sedative/Hypnotic Examples
Phenobarbital, diazepam, midazolam, lorazepam
27
Sedative/Hypnotic Signs and Symptoms
Drowsiness, ataxia, slurred speech, ams, CNS depression, hypotension
28
Cholinergic Examples
``` Acephate Diazinon Celthion Cythion Sarin Parathion ```
29
Cholinergic Signs and Symptoms
Increased salivation, lacrimation, diarrhea. Respiratory depression, apnea, seizures
30
Anticholinergic Examples
Atropine Antihistamines Antipsychotics
31
Anticholinergic Signs and Symtpoms
Dry, flushed skin, hyperthermia, dilated pupils, blurred vision, dramatic delirium
32
Odor
Almonds: cyanide Garlic: arsenic Acetone: methyl alcohol
33
Pupils
Constricted: narcotics, organophosphate Dilated: barbiturates, atropine, amphetamine, cyanide, CO
34
Mouth
Salivation: organophosphate, arsenic, mercury Dry: atropine, amphetamines, diphenhydramine Burns: iodine, plants, pine oil, acids
35
Skin
Pruritus: Jimson weed Dry, hot: atropine, CO Sweating: organophosphate, arsenic, aspirin, amphetamine
36
Respiratory
Depressed: narcotics, alcohol Increased: Aspirin, cyanide, nicotine Pulmonary Edema: CO, narcotics, organophosphates
37
Drug Abuse
Use of drugs that cause physical, psychological, or social harm
38
Habituation
Psychological dependence on a drug
39
Physical Dependence
Physiological state of adaption to a drug, with tolerance and withdrawals to the drug
40
Psychological Dependence
Emotion state of craving a drug to maintain a well being
41
Tolerance
Physiological adaptation to the effects of a drug in which larger doses are required
42
Potentiation
Enhancement of the effect of one drug by taking it with another
43
Synergism
Two substances in which total effects are greater than the sum of the independent effects 2+2=5
44
Alcohol
Mot widely abused drug in America
45
Alcoholism
Drinking early in day Drinking alone or in secret Periodic Binges Loss of Memory
46
Delirium Termens
"Alcohol withdrawal syndrome" results in fever, disorientation, confusion, and seizures
47
Effects of Alcohol
Have chronic malnutrition causing them to fall a lot | Decreases life span 10-20 years
48
Alcohol Suscepitble Medical Problems
``` Subdural Hematoma GI bleeding Pancreatitis Hypoglycemia Pneumonia Burns Hypothermia Seizures Dysrhythmia Cancer Esophageal Varices ```
49
Acute Alcohol Intoxication
Give thiamine
50
Delirium Termens
Usually 48-72 hours after last intake | Mortality as high as 15%
51
*Stimulants*
Only takes days to become addicted and abuse drugs | Commonly recognized as wide eyed and thin as a rail
52
Cocaine
Natural occurring alkaloid "Blow, flake, lady, nose, candy, snow, toot" -Local anasthetic and CNS stimulant and creates a euphoria -Causes widened QRS and QT intervals
53
Amphetamine-like Drugs
Include ecstasy, meth, and amphetamine -most nasal decongestants and diet pills are members of this family Meth: ingredients to make are available locally Compared to cocaine very similar, however, meth last much longer, up to 12 hours
54
Bath Salts
Contain active ingredient such as "Sudafed" | Can snort, smoke or ingest drug
55
Management of Stimulant Abuse
Maintain maximum oxygen saturation levels, present seizures with adequate sedation and monitor vitals - Excessive pulse rates, preload can drop drastically - Consider beta blocker to lower pulse rate - Apply ice packs or mist patients skin for hyperthermia
56
*Marijuana and Canabis Compounds*
- Does not produce true hallucinogens | - Results in bronchodilator and slight tachycardia
57
Spice
Can produce deliriums and produce psychotic long term and short term effects
58
*Hallucinogens*
Causes distortion of perception
59
LSD
Non habit forming drug - primarily affects senses rather than altering physiologic functions - "I was watching music play" - Effects are mostly sympathomimetic in nature
60
PCP
``` "Phencyclidine" -Also called angel dust or dust -Classified as a dissociative anesthetic -slurred speech, staggering gait, hypertension -experience a mind-body separation Can cause patients to be ver violent ! Haldol IM for sedative ```
61
Ketamine
Physically and psychologically addicting | Used as an elephant tranquilizer
62
Peyote and Mescaline
Native tribes use for religious purposes - experience hallucinations of outer experiences - support abc's
63
Psilocybin Mushrooms
Cause hallucination effects | -nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension
64
*Sedative Hypnotic
Reduce anxiety and calm agitated patients, used as sleep aids, in either cases, they function primarily as CNS depressants
65
Barbituates
Long Hx use as sleep aids, anti anxiety and seizure control medications "Barbitals" -management: oxygen, 12 lead, IV IF SHOCK present, rapidly infuse 1-2 L of fluid. For LONG ACTING such as Phenobarbital, administer BiCarb 1meq/kg to help alkaline the urine and traps the drug in its ionized form. Lasix can also be used to deplete body of urine and bring closer to an alkalytic state Activated Charcoal can also be used
66
Benzodiazepines
Used to treat anxiety, seizures, d alcohol withdrawal (ambien) easy to buy - CNS depressant - management: oxygen, 12 lead, IV romazicon, contraindicated for head injury and increased ICP
67
*Narcotics, Opiates, Opiods*
Is a drug that produces sleep, or AMS
68
Opiate
Natural drugs derived from opium
69
Opiod
Refers to non-opium derived synthetics Produces effects on CNS by binding with receptor sites in the brain and other tissues Management: abc! Bag and ventilate in necessary. Administer Narcan .4-2mg
70
Narcs example
Oxycodone, morphine, fentanyl, codeine. Heroin, hydrocodone, Demerol, robitussin
71
Cardiac Medications
Types of Antidysrhythmics
72
Type 1
Lidocaine Na Channel Blocker affecting depolarization and impulse conduction In certain cases, BiCarb may be used for QT prolongation, bradycardia and hypotension by reversing the inhibition of fast Sodium channels within cardiac cells
73
Type 2
Beta-adrenergic and Beta-Blocker medications Control pulse rate and BP Hypotension, AMS, bradycardia HYPOGLYCEMIA AND HYPERKALEMIA occur with beta overdoses Management: IV Glucagon, Epinephrine infusion, pacing
74
Type 3
Block cell potassium channels causing prolongation of cardiac action potential E.g Amiodarone Hypotension, bradycardia
75
Type 4
Ca channel blocker medications Verapimil or Cardizem (ca channel blockers) Slow calcium influx into present cells in the heart, blood vessels and other types of smooth muscles. OD treatment is calcium
76
Organophosphates
Insecticides used in agriculture and nerve gases in the military Except effects at neuromuscular junctions of Nerves and release acetylcholine. Management: oxygen, IV, 12 lead, atropine 1mg up to 3mg
77
Carbon Monoxide
Odorless, tasteless gas and is 250x more affinity to bind with hemoglobin than oxygen Assessment: cherry red skin color, pressure in the head, unable to think clearly Management: highest concentration oxygen available. Hyperbaric chamber.

Paramedic 02 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions