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Paramedic 02 > EENT Emergencies > Flashcards

EENT Emergencies Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Globe

A

Eyeball

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2
Q

Oculomotor Nerve

A

Third cranial Nerve that inner fates the muscles that cause motion of the eyes and upper eyelids.

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3
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Second Cranial Nerve, provides sense of vision

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4
Q

Sclera

A

White of the eye, tough fibrous coat that helps maintain shape of the eyes. Hepatitis or cirrhosis cause yellowing of this part

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5
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent anterior portion of the eye that overlays the iris and pupils.
Clouding of cornea results in cataracts

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6
Q

Conjuctiva

A

Mucous membrane that covers sclera and internal surfaces of the eyelids but not iris.
Cyanosis can be detected in conjuctiva

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7
Q

Iris

A

Pigmented part of the eye

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8
Q

Pupil

A

Circle opening that opens inside the iris.

Dialates to let more light inside

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9
Q

Lens

A

Transparent structure that can alter its thickness to focus light on retina at back of the eyes

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10
Q

Retina

A

Received light impulses and converts them to nerve signals that are conducted by brain and optic Nerve and interpreted as vison

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11
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

Clear watery fluid in eye

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12
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

Jelly like substance that maintains shape of globe between the iris and cornea

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13
Q

Central Vision

A

Facilitates visualization of objects directly in front of you

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14
Q

Peripheral Vision

A

Visualization of lateral objects when looking forward

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15
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus

A

Secretes and drains tears from the eye

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16
Q

Nasolacrimal Duct

A

Drains tears from lacrimal gland

From above eye to the corner of the eye

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17
Q

Dysconjugate Gaze

A

Discoordination between the movements of two eyes

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18
Q

Adnexa

A

Surrounding tissues and structures of the eyes

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19
Q

Thermal Burns

A

Fire, burns the eyes

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20
Q

Infrared Rays

A

Sun, laser burns occurs

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21
Q

UV Light

A

Welding, causes superficial burns of the eye
May take 3 to 5 hours for pain
Management- Cover eyes with sterile moist pad and eye shield
Cool compress may provide some pain relief
Place patient in supine position

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22
Q

Chemical burns

A 
Acid or alkali substances 
Management- immediate irrigation!!!
Use only sterile water or saline
Use a syringe or nasal cannula
Irrigate for at least 5 minutes
Irrigate for at least 20 if eye is affected by acid or alkali substance
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23
Q

Morgan Lens

A

Eyed device used for constant irrigation

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24
Q

Removing contact lenses

A

Don’t attempt to remove if eye is injured
ONLY remove if chemical burn to the eye
Hard lense- use small suction cup
Soft lense- one to two drops of saline in eye, gently pinch lense, and place lense in sterile water container

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25
Conjuctivitis
"Pink eye" conjuctiva becomes inflamed and red | Most often starts in one eye and moves to the other
26
Corneal Abrasion
Scrape to outside of the eye | Can irrigate or tape eyelid close
27
Photophobia
Sensitivity to light
28
Foreign Body
Dust, dust, splinters Management- If on surface on cornea, remove with soft tip cotton swab moistened Stabilize object in glove Cover with moist sterile dressing and cover other eye.
29
Chalzion
Oil gland of eyelid becomes block and forms a swollen bump or pustule
30
Hordeolum
"Style" red tender bump on eyelid from blocked oil duct
31
Glaucoma
Increased intraocular pressure Excessive pressure can damage optic Nerve Assessment- loss of vision or blind spot Eye drops usually prescribed
32
Hyphema
Bleeding into anterior portion of eye from trauma that obscures Vision partially or completely Management- If hyphema is suspected take spinal precautions and elevate head to 40 degrees to decrease IOP Antiplatelets should be avoided
33
Iritis
Inflammation of iris | Assessment- redness of the eye, cloudy vision or unusual shaped eye
34
Papilledema
Swelling or inflammation of optic Nerve at the rear of the eye Patients experience headaches, vomiting, vision loss or fraying vision
35
Retinal Detachement
Separation of inner layers of retina from underlying membrane Often seen in sports injuries, especially boxing
36
Ear
Hearing, Balance, and orientation
37
External Ear
Pinna, external auditory canal, and exterior portion of tympanic membrane (eardrum)
38
Middle Ear
Inner portion of ear drum and ossicles
39
Inner Ear
Cochlea and semicircular canals
40
Process of hearing
Sound enters through pinna and travel through external auditory canal to the ear drum. Vibrations against eardrum set up vibrations in the three small bones on inner side of tympanic membrane (malleus, incus, stapes). Vibrations transmitted to cochlear duct at oval window Movmenent of oval window causes fluid within cochlea to vibrate Then hair movements that form nerve impulses that travel to the brain via auditory nerve. Brain decodes these impulses and converts them to sound
41
Foreign Body of Ear
Do not remove, just stabilize
42
Creumen
Yellwish oily substance found inside ear canal "ear wax"
43
Labyrinthitis
Feeling of vertigo or loss of balance after an ear infection Irritation and swelling of inner ear affects Nerves of ear causing loss of balance Management- antihistamine to reduce swelling, Valium for sedative or muscle relaxant
44
Meniere Disease
Inner ear disorder when endolymphatic rupture causes increased pressure in cochlear duct. Patients experience tinnitus and vertigo
45
Oitis
Infection from bacterial growth within ear
46
Perforate Tympanic Membrane
Ruptured eardrum from blast, foreign Body, infection | Consider pain management
47
Nose
Filter, humidifier, and heater for air entering lungs | Inside is extremely vasculature
48
Nasal Mucousa
Shortcut to the brain Blood brain barrier can be breached by entering the spinal fluid Makes IN faster route of obsorption that IV with some medications
49
Anosmia
Total loss of smell
50
Dysosmia
Distorted sense of smell
51
Hyperosmia
Increased sensitivity to smell
52
Hyposmia
Decreased sensitivity to smell
53
Nasal Septum
Seeration between nostirls
54
Turbinates
Inside nasal chamber are layers of bone covered with a moist lining. Air humidified as it passes over the turbinates.
55
Paranasal Sinuses
Lined with mucous membranes. Decrease the weight of the skull and provide resonance for the voice. (Maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid)
56
NPA
Never insert when bleeding or CSF present in nasal cavity
57
Epistaxis
Nose bleed | Place patient leaning forward and pinch the nostrils
58
Rhinitis
Nasal disorder common during childhood and adolescence. | Caused by pollen, allergens, animal dander.
59
Sinusitis
Thick nasal drainage, sinus and facial pressure, headache, and fever
60
Mastication
Chewing
61
Hypoglossal Nerve
Cranial Nerve XII provides motor function to the tounge
62
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Cranial Nerve IX provides taste sensation to posterior portions of the tounge
63
Dentalgia
Toothache
64
Oral Candidiasis
Thrush | Fungus accumulates on inside of tounge
65
Ludwig Angina
Cellulitis caused by bacteria from an infected tooth root
66
Foreign Body in mouth
Keep in position for gravity to fall out
67
Epiglottitis
Inflammation of epiglottis. Can block trachea and obstruct airway. Common in 1 to 5 years of age Assessment- dysphagia, stridor and respiratory distress. Tripod position.
68
Laryngitis
Caused by virus similar to flu. | Not serious unless leading to croup or epiglottitis.
69
Tracheitis
Bacterial infection of trachea. Caused by staphylococcus aureus. Assessment- croup like cough, difficulty breathing, fever, stridor. Management- 100% oxygen
70
Tonsillitis
Swelling and inflammation of tonsils usually caused by viral infections.
71
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of pharynx

Paramedic 02 (27 decks)

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