treaties Flashcards
(37 cards)
when and what was the treaty of cateau-cambrésis?
1559
a peace treaty signed between france and spain that ended a long war over control of land in italy.
why did the treaty of cateau cambresis matter to elizabeth?
- engl;and was involved in the war because of mary I, who had married philip II of spain and supported spain in the war.
-as a result, england lost calais (its last territory in france) to the french ( the treaty confirmed that france would keep calais permanently)
-losing calais was a major blow to english pride considering it had been in english hands since 1347
- it weakened englands position in europe, made elizabeth look weaker as a new queen and gave france more power.
-calais had also beena caluable trading base.
what percentage of englands exports during the tudor pperiod were wool and cloth
75% (over!!)
since when did england have calais
1347
when was the treaty of edinburgh
signed between who
1560 - between england, france and scotland
what did the treaty of edinburgh do?
end french military presence in scotland and that mqs would give up her claim to the engllish throne
why was the treaty of edinburgh important/a problem
- rediced french influence in scotland, which elizabeth found to be a major threat (as france had troops ins cotland and supported mQS as the rightful queen to england
- hence helping secure englands northern border (a pro-english, protestant gov was left in charge of scotland)
- it was a major foreign policy suxxess for elizabeth as she had supported the scottish protestants in a rebellion and it clearly paid off
- MQS never agreed to the treaty, refusing to give up her claim to the english throne, keeping the catholic threat alive.
- it didnt remove the long term threat of mary ,allowing her to later become the focus of catholic plits
what was the religious settlement
elizabeth I’s attempt to end religious conflict in England and create stability by finding a middle way between catholicism and protestantism.
when was religious settlement.
1559
whatw ere the 3 parts of the settlement? just name
1 act of supremacy
2 act of uniformity
3 royal injunctions
what did the act of supremacy do?
- made elizabeth supreme governor of the church of enggland
it ws specifically not ‘head of the church’ as this would upset catholics who believed the pope wwas head) - all clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty to her
what did the act opf uniformity do?
- made protestant church services mandatory
- everyone had to attend church on sundays or pay a fine
- dictated the apprearance of churches and how religious services were to be held
e.g.g some cahtolics elements remained such as priests wearing vestments and church deocrations(compromises to avid rbbellion)
what did the act of uniformity introduce?
- a set form of church service in the Book of Common Prayer to be used in ALL churches.
- clergy had to use the wording of the Prayer Book when conducting services
- anyone who refused it was punished
- wording of service was however deliberately unclear so that, e.g. catholics could take it as meaning the bread and wine became the blood and body of christ, while portestants could take it as simply as an act of remembrance.
- priests were to wear cspeical clothing)
what did the act of supremacy establish?
an Ecclesiastical high commission
- had the job of maintaining discipline within the church and enforcing the queen’s religious settlement.
- it meant that members of the clergy whose loyalty was in doubt could be punished
what was the royal injunctions?
- instructions to enforce the settlement (e.g. clergy had to rpeach loyalty to eliz and keep bible in english_
- issued by sir william cecil on behald of the queen
- anyone who redused to attent church was to eb reported to the privy council
- each parish to have a copy of the bible in English
- no one was allowed to rpeach w out a license form the gov
- clergy to wear special vestments
- it allowed images in chruches, helping her settlement lesss unsettling
what did the labourers act of 1563 say?
- labourers could earn up to 3 pence a day
- skilled craftsmen could earn up to 4 pence a day
- servant could earn between 8 and 9 pence a week
how much was the fine for every absence at chuch on sundays ( under the act of unfiormity)?
12 pence ( 1 shilling)
explain how the banning of pilgrimages and monuments to ‘fake’ miracles was a tactic by elizabeth
it left the possibility of ‘real’ miracles. this helped it become more widely acceptable.
what were the impacts of the religious settlement
-8000 clergy out of about 10,000 accepted the religious settlement (80%)
- there were apporximately 10,000 parishes in england
- many protestants met the settlemtn with enthsusiastic violence - destruction of church ornaments and statues of saint
- many Marian Bishops ( cath bishops appointed by Mary Tudor ) opposed the settlement and were replaced - liz appoointed 27 new bishops - put pritestants in place
- majority of ordniary people accepted elizabeth’s religigous settlement and attended the church services althought many of them held onto cath.beliefs.
what was the Statute of artificers and when
progressive/continous or repressive?
1563
- aimed to ensure that poor relief was collected
- anyone who refused to pay the poor rates could eb imprisned
- officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined up to £20
progressive
explain two actions that were continous towards the poor
the poor rate - a local tax organised by JPs, where the proceeds were spent on improving the lives of the poor. it hence gve the poor money or things to make and sell
charity - often funded by local wealtyh people, who gave their name to chritable foundations e..g Lady Cevil’s Bequest for Poor tradesmen, romford.
when was the vagabonds act?
1572
what did the vagabonds act aim to do?
deter vagrancy
