Treatments Flashcards
(35 cards)
what is prevalence in relation to MDD
The proportion of individuals in a given population who are affected by MDD at a specific time or over a specific period.
are more women or men diagnosed with MDD, what else do women get more of within that
women
also get more severe symptoms
why are women more likely to become depressed and feel severe symptoms- 5 arguements
its a job, not a gender effect
the difference is the result of reporting bias
men and women have different symptoms
men and women have different biology
the origin in depression is in gender roles
what are the two arguements for gender difference in MDD that you have chosen?
its a job effect, not a gender effect
the difference is reporting bias
its a job effect not a gender effect
One argument is that higher rates of depression in women may reflect socioeconomic roles, not gender itself — a “job, not gender” effect. Ensel (1982) tested this by comparing men’s and women’s depression scores while controlling for income, education, and occupation. Even when these factors were matched, women still scored higher on depression measures. This suggests that gender differences in depression aren’t fully explained by socioeconomic status alone.
who tested its a job not a gender effect
ensel 1982
two studies for the difference is reporting bias
amenson and lewinsohns 1981
padesky and manneb 1977
difference is because of reporting bias
Another explanation for higher reported rates of depression in women is reporting bias — the idea that women may be more willing to acknowledge symptoms. Padesky & Hammen (1977) found that female college students said they would seek therapy at lower levels of depressive symptoms than males. However, this was based on hypothetical situations, not actual behaviour. Amenson & Lewinsohn (1981) addressed this by studying real help-seeking patterns and found that men and women with similar levels of self-reported symptoms were equally likely to seek help, suggesting that reporting bias may not fully explain the gender difference.
what other disorders are there that have gender gaps (+stats)
The lifetime prevalence rate for alcohol abuse is more than twice as high in men than women. In developed countries, approximately 1 in 5 men (compared to 1 in 12 women) develop alcohol dependence during their lives.
3 main types of antidepressant medication
tricyclics
SSRI’s
MAOIs
antidepressants work by controlling what
process of neurotransmissio
how do SSRI’s work
they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, leaving more serotonin in the synapse for longer
fact about tricyclics
among the first drug treatments for depression in the 1950’s
most common prescription for MDD? Drug name?
prozac
fluoxetine
what does MAOIs stand for
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
how to MAOIs work
the inhibit the action of monoamine oxidase, and enzyme that normally breaks down neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft
studies for biological treatments for depression
kirsh and sapirstein 1998
elkin et al 1989
advantages of biological treatments
use of biological treatments can provide relief from symptoms
drug treatments allows for patient outcare
no dependent on language ability
disadvantages of biological treatments
side effects
high relapse rate
not addressing the root
discontinuation syndrome
what is the basis of psychological treatments
the client will sit and talk with a therapist
three types of psychotherapy
cognitive behavioural therapy
computerised cognitive behavioural therapy
transactional therapy
what does CBT focus on
on the way individuals process information and how that affects behaviour
what is the primary aim of CBT
to identify and correct faulty cognitions and unhealthy behaviours
what is cognitive restructuring CBT
. The client is encouraged to find out which thoughts are associated with depressed feelings, and to correct them – this is called cognitive restructuring. This is based on the assumption that people’s interpretations and inferences about the things that happen to them affect their thinking and behaviour
