Tskills Lab (stains and such)

Question 0

what makes a gram stain different from a simple stain?

Answer 0

there is a decolorization stage

Question 1

heat fixed

Answer 1

kills bacteria, makes them adhere to the slide and makes cytoplasmic proteins more visible

Question 2

what does a mordant do?

Answer 2

iodine, enhances the crystal violet staining by forming a crystal violet-iodine complex, increases crystal size

Question 3

What type of alcohol is used in a gram stain?

Answer 3

ethanol alcohol

Question 4

what is the end result for gram negative cells in a gram stain?

Answer 4

pink/red
alcohol rinses crystal violet and safranin colors cell pink
alcohol breaks down thick lipid membrane causing the decoloriztion

Question 5

what is end result for a gram positive cell in a gram stain?

Answer 5

turns purple, thicker peptidoglycan wall traps crystal violet and iodine holding the color during alcohol rinse

Question 6

what are the steps in making a gram stain?

Answer 6

add bacteria, air dry
heat fix slide
add crystal violet
rinse with water
add iodine
rinse with water
rinse with ethanol
rinse with water
add safranin
rinse with water

Question 7

what makes acid fast stain different from gram stain?

Answer 7

uses acid alcohol instead of ethanol alcohol

Question 8

what is the point of acid fast stains?

Answer 8

determine which cells are acid fast positive and negative

Question 9

what is end result of acid fast positive cells

Answer 9

reddish-purple, carbofuschin is absorbed by cell through steam heating and melting the wax in the cell wall. resist acid alcohol rinse

Question 10

what is the end result of acid fast negative cells

Answer 10

blue color because the acid alcohol removes the carbofuschin

Question 11

list the steps in acid fast stains

Answer 11

add bacteria, let air dry
heat fix
add carbofuschin
rinse with water
rinse with acid alcholol
rinse with water
add methylene blue
rinse with water
dry

Question 12

a capsule stain is also what other kind of a stain

Answer 12

negative stain, stains the background

Question 13

what do you not do in a capsule stain

Answer 13

you do not heat fix, this causes cells to shrink could leave an artificial halo around cell that is not capsule

Question 14

what are the steps in a capsule stain

Answer 14

drop of broth
drop of congo red
do smear like a blood smear
air dry
add drops of acid alcohol
rinse with water gently
add safranin
rinse with water
blot dry

Question 16

Primary stain of Capsule Stain

Answer 16

Congo Red

Question 17

what is a special step in endospore staining?

Answer 17

creating steam by boiling water, this allows for endospore to open

Question 18

list the steps in endospore staining

Answer 18

boil water
heat fix smear
add papertowel to smear
add malachite green stain
place over steam
keep adding stain to moist papertowel for 10 min
remove from stain
rinse with water
remove towel
rinse with water
stain with safranin
rinse with water
blot dry

Question 19

Primary Stain in Endospore Stain

Answer 19

Malachite Green

Question 20

what ingredients are in a mannitol salts agar

Answer 20

mannitol, sodium chloride and phenol red which is a pH indicator

Question 21

phenol red shows what took place

Answer 21

fermentation

Question 21

What does mannitol provide for the substrate

Answer 21

fermentation and medium differentiation

Question 22

mannitol salt agar is used for

Answer 22

isolation and differentiation of staphylococcus aureus

if present ferments the mannitol, produces acids and lowers pH to yellow, with yellow halo

Question 23

shape can be described as

Answer 23

round, irregular, punctiform(tiny, pinpoint)

Question 24

margin can be described as

Answer 24

entire (smooth), undulate (wavy), lobate (lobed), filamentous, rhizoid (branched like roots)

Question 25

elevations can be described as

Answer 25

flat, raised, convex, pulvinate (very convex), umbonate (raised in the center)

Question 26

pigment production can be described as

Answer 26

opaque, translucent, shiny, dull

Question 27

refraction

Answer 27

bending of light

Question 28

what is the order of creating an image through a microscope

Answer 28

condensor lens (concentrates the light), objective lens which causes the light to refract also creating the real image, image magnified again by ocular lens then produces virtual image

Question 29

resolution

Answer 29

clarity of image | lower resolving power then higher resolution

Question 30

resolving power

Answer 30

actual measurement of how far apart two points must be for the microscope to view them as being separate.

Question 31

Cell Division Pattern: Single division plane Cells generally occur in pairs

Answer 31

Diplo

Question 32

Cell Division Pattern: Single division plane Cells remain attached to form chains

Answer 32

Strepto

Question 33

``` Cell Division Pattern: 2 perpendicular division planes Looks like: 00 00 ```

Answer 33

Tetrad

Question 34

Cell Division Pattern: 3 perpendicular planes regular cuboidal arrangement

Answer 34

Sarcina

Question 35

Cell Division Pattern: | Grape like cluster on 3 planes

Answer 35

Staph