Tutorials

Question 1

The US’s underlying strategy to drugs:

Answer 1

Cut supply chain, eradicate use however possible

Question 2

He suggested that drugs should be treated as a public health problem that is intrusive to freedom.

Answer 2

Thomas Szasz

Question 3

What is the libertarian self ownership argument for drugs?

Answer 3

People can do what they want, drugs should be in the free market

Question 4

Consumption may increase depending on the price of the commodity, deals may turn to violent crime. Who said it?

Answer 4

Adams

Question 5

The risk of imprisonment/fine is minimal compared to the relaxation and enjoyment it brings.

Answer 5

Revealed preference theory

Question 6

This involves the production of rewards without causes inside the brain. It is a moral concern, and wouldn’t apply if the drug had no adverse effects.

Answer 6

Reward system in the brain

Question 7

Husak argued that these are exaggerated, and don’t justify current regulations that violate individual rights.

Answer 7

Third party harm

Question 8

Why are harms difficult to study?

Answer 8

Mixed substances, samples, flaky participants

Question 9

De Marneffe argued that some drugs risk life for this group therefore prohibition is good.

Answer 9

Children

Question 10

De Marneffe proposed the idea that individuals are bad at seeking long term interests because of this: therefore, punishment is needed.

Answer 10

Short term gratification

Question 11

Why could gambling by children become a problem even with supervision?

Answer 11

There is a risk that they will develop problems later in life because big wins early create expectations

Question 12

How does gambling harm the gambler?

Answer 12

Addiction

Question 13

The police couldn’t enforce laws against gambling so they used this approach:

Answer 13

Unstimulated demand

Question 14

What did the Gambling Act of 1968 permit?

Answer 14

Licenses to get rid of unscrupulous acts

Question 15

How does gambling harm others?

Answer 15

Neglect of family, especially children, taxpayer burden

Question 16

The state should be neutral between these:

Answer 16

Competing concepts of the good

Question 17

This allows people to take into account the safety of what they purchase as one element in quality.

Answer 17

Free market in safety

Question 18

Why is safety regulation good?

Answer 18

Consumer protection

Question 19

Why is it illegal to buy some goods?

Answer 19

The risk of harm/death is too high

Question 20

These third party effects involve dumping costs. Negative are most common.

Answer 20

Externalities

Question 21

What is the conflict between two moral standpoints when it comes to safety?

Answer 21

Efficiency and spending on what saves the most lives

Question 22

What is the consequentialist view on safety?

Answer 22

Do the most good with the resources available

Question 23

The right thing is what we’ve always done or what we’re commanded by God to do.

Answer 23

The utilitarian view on safety

Question 24

The measure is only required if it is good for humans.

Answer 24

Liberating doctrine

Question 25

Basic rules in normal circumstances that override considerations of consequences.

Answer 25

Deontology/duty based/absolutism

Question 26

Lost potential for economic growth, and human capital determines value.

Answer 26

The old standard VPF methodology

Question 27

Looks at actual decisions.

Answer 27

Revealed preference

Question 28

The experimenter focuses on questions specific to safety, all parameters can be fixed.

Answer 28

Express preference

Question 29

Estimate how many lives will be saved and how much the change will cost.

Answer 29

Consequentialist decision procedure

Question 30

The whole network had to be checked, travel was a nightmare, more people took cars, which are more dangerous.

Answer 30

Hatfield

Question 31

The driver was the scapegoat, the external culprit.

Answer 31

Great Heck

Question 32

According to this view, the more directly the accident is under the industry's control, the greater the responsibility is on the industry to solve the problem.

Answer 32

Absolutist

Question 33

What are the two theories about crime?

Answer 33

Happiness and resource

Question 34

Crimes can be very different in nature. Our psychological reactions can be different. Who said it?

Answer 34

Bentham

Question 35

Some crimes generate more fear than others. Who said it?

Answer 35

Nozick

Question 36

The greatest effect. Fear can be worse than the damage, and the change of being harmed low, but fear creates misery.

Answer 36

Boundless injury

Question 37

Because of this, people stayed home and suffocated.

Answer 37

Anxiety

Question 38

Being victimized undermines a sense of self dignity, being treated with contempt, a change in status/self respect, and disruptive of social order.

Answer 38

Why people fear crime

Question 39

Forward looking, keep em off the streets.

Answer 39

Deterrence

Question 40

Dorling: sentencing policy won't stop increasing this, especially murder.

Answer 40

Crime rate

Question 41

The benefits of obedience outweigh breaking the law.

Answer 41

Internal attitude

Question 42

Impulse, anger, pride, crimes of passion.

Answer 42

Chaotic attitude

Question 43

Because of reputational damage they won't commit the crime.

Answer 43

Impure internal

Question 44

This makes people more likely to adopt internal attitudes. They grow out of crime.

Answer 44

Age

Question 45

Punishment based on desert.

Answer 45

Retribution

Question 46

This lowers the standing of the perpetrator and raises the standing of the victim.

Answer 46

Retribution

Question 47

What are the 5 dimensions of health measured by the EQ-SD instrument?

Answer 47

1. mobility 2. self care 3. usual activities 4. pain and discomfort 5. anxiety and depression

Question 48

Wolff: those elements of a society which can be influenced by gobernment action are likely to have a significant impact on health.

Answer 48

Health care

Question 49

This does not automatically produce equality in health.

Answer 49

Equal access to health care

Question 50

On almost every indicator there is a social gradient of health corresponding to this:

Answer 50

Social class

Question 51

Studies of the health and mortality of British professionals.

Answer 51

Whitehall Studies

Question 52

The Whitehall studies that this influences stress levels:

Answer 52

Social status and control over working life

Question 53

Thaler and Sunstein: make the healthy choice the easy choice.

Answer 53

Libertarian paternalism

Question 54

The probability of falling ill.

Answer 54

Vulnerability

Question 55

Ability to bounce back after an adverse health event.

Answer 55

Resilience

Question 56

Shaw: the ability to take time off to let systems recover.

Answer 56

The Doctor's Dilemma

Question 57

Rawls: the subject of this theory is how to share out the benefits and burdens of social cooperation. Disabled persons are outside the scheme of social cooperation.

Answer 57

Distributive justice

Question 58

Everything has the same level of welfare.

Answer 58

Equality of welfare

Question 59

Money and wealth.

Answer 59

External resources

Question 60

Skills and talents

Answer 60

Internal resources

Question 61

Dworkin: disability is purely a physical/mental impairment.

Answer 61

Medical model

Question 62

Dworkin: disability is socially constructed.

Answer 62

Social model

Question 63

Dworking: being disabled makes life economically harder.

Answer 63

Economic model

Question 64

Justice for people with disabilities requires disability does not add to the other injustices in the world.

Answer 64

Pragmatic equality

Question 65

Medical cures/intervention, education and training.

Answer 65

Personal enhancement

Question 66

Given money, they can choose how they want to spend it.

Answer 66

Cash compensation

Question 67

Resources are given with restricted use.

Answer 67

Targeted resource enhancement

Question 68

Improve opportunities, change laws and social attitudes.

Answer 68

Status enhancing

Question 69

What matters to humans is what they can do and be.

Answer 69

Capability theory