Unit 0 Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
Utilitarian
A
Assign value to the environment as a function of its economic or survival benefits or humans — the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people
2
Q
Assign value to the environment as a function of its economic or survival benefits or humans — the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people
A
Utilitarian
3
Q
Ecological
A
Emphasize the value of community life-support function over direct individual benefits
4
Q
Emphasize the value of community life-support function over direct individual benefits
A
Ecological
5
Q
Aesthetic
A
Based on human appreciation of natural beauty
6
Q
Based on human appreciation of natural beauty
A
Aesthetic
7
Q
Moral
A
assign rights to natural entities such as individuals, species, or ecosystems
8
Q
Anthropocentric
A
Planetary management
Nature meant to serve us
9
Q
World view: Nature meant to serve us
A
Anthropocentric
10
Q
Another name for anthropocentric
A
Planetary management
11
Q
Another name for planetary management
A
Anthropocentric
12
Q
Biocentric
A
Stewardship/conservationist
Conservation, life making sure we dont run out of resources
13
Q
Another word for biocentric
A
Stewardship/conservationist
14
Q
Another word for Stewardship/conservationist
A
Biocentric
15
Q
World view: Conservation, life making sure we dont run out of resources
A
Biocentric
16
Q
Ecocentric
A
Environmental wisdom/preservationist
Dependent on nature, exists for all species, living things in its nature
17
Q
Another name for ecocentric
A
Environmental wisdom/preservationist
18
Q
Another name for Environmental wisdom/preservationist
A
Ecocentric
19
Q
World view: Dependent on nature, exists for all species, living things in its nature
A
Ecocentric
20
Q
Regulating
& two examples
A
Benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes
Air quality, climate, water runoff, erosion, natural hazards, pollination
21
Q
Benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes
A
Regulating
22
Q
Supporting
& two examples
A
Processes that sustain basic life forms, ecosystems, and people
Nutrient cycling, water cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis
23
Q
Processes that sustain basic life forms, ecosystems, and people
A
Supporting
24
Q
Provisional
& two examples
A
Types of materials extracted from nature to benefit people
Food, fiber, biomass fuel, freshwater, natural medicines
25
Types of materials extracted from nature to benefit people
Provisional
26
Cultural
Non-material benefit, contributes to advancements of people, builds knowledge, spreads ideas & creativity
Ethnic values, existence values, recreation & ecotourism
27
Non-material benefit, contributes to advancements of people, builds knowledge, spreads ideas & creativity
Cultural
28
Ecosystem services
Environments provide life supporting services such as clean water, timber, fisheries, crops
29
Environments provide life supporting services such as clean water, timber, fisheries, crops
Ecosystem services
30
Environmental indicators
Describe the current state of the environment
31
They describe the current state of the environment
Environmental indicators
32
Sustainability
Living on earth in a way that allows us to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources
33
Living on earth in a way that allows us to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources
Sustainability
34
Conservationists
Believe that we need to conserve nature and maintain it. The government should set strict regulations on the amount of resources extracted and how those resources are extracted
(Biocentric)
35
Believe that we need to conserve nature and maintain it. The government should set strict regulations on the amount of resources extracted and how those resources are extracted
Conservationists
36
What world view do conservationists have
Biocentric
37
Preservationists
Believe that the natural world should not be touched at all
(Ecocentric)
38
Believe that the natural world should not be touched at all
Preservationists
39
What world view do preservationists have
Ecocentric
40
Write down the 7 steps to making a mind map
1. Start in the center
2. Use an image/picture for central idea
3. Use colors
4. Connect main branches to central image & second branches to first level
5. Make branches curved
6. One key word per line
7. Use images
41
Mind map: why do you start in the center
The center gives the brain freedom to spread out in all directions
42
Mind map: why do you use an image or picture for central idea
Image is worth a thousand words & keeps you focused
43
Mind map: why do you add colors
It adds life & creativity
44
Mind map: why do you connect the main branches to the central image & the second branches to the first level
Because the brain works by association
45
Mind map: why do we make the branches curved
Straight lines are boring to the brain
46
Mind map: why do we use one key word per line
Single words make the map more powerful & allows brain flexibility
47
Garret Hardin
Wrote about the tragedy of the commons
“Freedom in all commons brings ruin to all”
48
Wrote about the tragedy of the commons
“Freedom in all commons brings ruin to all”
Garret Hardin
49
John Muir
“Father of national parks”
Founder of sierra club
“When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world”
50
“Father of national parks”
Founder of sierra club
“When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world”
John muir
51
Who said “When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world”
John Muir
52
Who said “freedom to all commons beings ruin to all”
Garret Hardin
53
E.O Wilson
Studied ants & applied this study to better understand human interactions, credited for theory of island biogeography
“Humanity is part of nature, a species that evolved among other species…”
54
Who said “Humanity is part of nature, a species that evolved among other species…”
E.O. Wilson
55
Studied ants & applied this study to better understand human interactions, credited for theory of island biogeography
“Humanity is part of nature, a species that evolved among other species…”
E.O Wilson
56
Elinor Ostrom
Argued against tragedy of the commons, documented cases where the destruction of a commons has been avoided
“Little by little, bit by bit, family by family, so much good can be done on so many levels”
57
Argued against tragedy of the commons, documented cases where the destruction of a commons has been avoided
“Little by little, bit by bit, family by family, so much good can be done on so many levels”
Elinor Ostrom
58
Who said “Little by little, bit by bit, family by family, so much good can be done on so many levels”
Elinor Ostrom
59
Aldo Leopold
Wrote A Sound County Almanac (collection of essays of a sustainable relationship between humans and nature)
“Ethical behavior is doing the right thing when no one else is watching - even when doing the wrong thing is legal”
60
Wrote A Sound County Almanac (collection of essays of a sustainable relationship between humans and nature)
“Ethical behavior is doing the right thing when no one else is watching - even when doing the wrong thing is legal”
Aldo Leopold
61
Who said “Ethical behavior is doing the right thing when no one else is watching - even when doing the wrong thing is legal”
Aldo Leopold
62
Jane Goodhall
Studied chimpanzees, works on animal conservation
“Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference.”
63
Studied chimpanzees, works on animal conservation
“Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference.”
Jane Goodhall
64
Who said “Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference.”
Jane Goodhall
65
Rachel Carson
Wrote Silent Spring which led to the better understanding of the hazards of chemical pesticides
“But man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself”
66
Wrote Silent Spring which led to the better understanding of the hazards of chemical pesticides
“But man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself”
Rachel Carson
67
Who said “But man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself”
Rachel Carson
68
Who wrote the book Silent Spring
Rachel Carson
69
Who argued against the tragedy of the commons
Elinor Ostrom
70
Four categories of ecosystem services
Regulating, supporting, provisional, cultural
71
Sylvia Earle
Dived into the ocean floor & set a woman’s depth record
“we are now facing paradise lost.”
“No water, no life. No blue, no green.”
72
Dived into the ocean floor & set a woman’s depth record
“we are now facing paradise lost.”
“No water, no life. No blue, no green.”
Sylvia Earle
73
Who said “we are now facing paradise lost.” “No water, no life. No blue, no green.”
Sylvia Earle
74
Tragedy of the commons
When the short term, positive effects go to the individual, while the long-term negative effects are spread out to the group
75
When the short term, positive effects go to the individual, while the long-term negative effects are spread out to the group
Tragedy of the commons
76
Examples of tragedy of the commons
Overfishing
Overconsumption
77
Who discovered the tragedy of the commons and who wrote about it
William forster lloyd discovered it
Garret Hardin wrote about it
78
Willaim forser lloyd
Discovered the tragedy of the commons
79
Five global indicators
definition and list
Indicates how well an ecosystem is doing
1. Biological diversity
2. Food production
3. Temperature & CO2 concentration
4. Human population
5. Resource depletion
80
Jared Diamond’s hypothesis for easter island
Destruction of the island’s environment led to the population loss
81
Hunt & Leo’s hypothesis on Easter Island
Rats introduced to the island had no predators & ate tree seeds which led to less natural resources and killed off the population
82
Phenology
Study of the timing of natural events
Migration, budding, hibernation
83
Study of the timing of natural events
Phenology
84
What does the terrestrial chamber mimic (ecocolumn)
Land
85
What is the sprinkler used for (ecocolumn)
To gently water seeds & saplings
86
What are plant legumes used for (ecocolumn)
To demonstrate the nitrogen cycle
87
Why do we add insects (ecocolumn)
To break down decomposing matter into nutrients (NPK)
88
Why do we add leaf litter (ecocolumn)
For food & hiding place for insects, nutrients for soul once they decompose, to prevent water loss
89
What is the filter chamber for (ecocolumn)
To clean water from the terrestrial chamber to the aquatic chamber
90
What does the filter chamber mimic in nature (ecocolumn)
Where sand and gravel clean water from pollutants & water treatment plants where we run water through sand to capture pollutants
91
What is the gravel under the filter chamber for (ecocolumn)
To help with drainage
92
What does the aquatic chamber mimic in nature (ecocolumn)
A pondn
93
What are the flaps of the aquatic chamber used for (ecocolumn)
To allow air flow so that oxygen can dissolve
94
Why do we add plants to the aquatic chamber (ecocolumn)
To add dissolved oxygen, take in ammonia & nitrates from fish waste, provide food for fish
95
What are the Harvard forest study codes for leaves
1-4 (no change - change)
96
Biodiversity
The variety of life in the world or a particular ecosystem
97
What is the concentration of co2 in the atmosphere
400ppm
98
4 examples of non renewable resources
Oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear energy
99
5 examples of renewable resources
Biomass energy, hydropower, geothermal power, wind energy, solar energy
100
The developed nations of the world, which is roughly ___% of the world’s population consumes _______ of the world’s energy
17%
More than half
101
Sustainable development
& example
Development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Solar energy, crop rotation, green spaces
102
Constant
Values that do not change either during or between experiments
103
Values that do not change either during or between experiments
Constant
104
Control group
Used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship by isolating the effect of an independent variable
105
Used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship by isolating the effect of an independent variable
Control group
106
Independent variable
Variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure
107
Variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure
Independent variable
108
Dependent variable
Variable whose value depends upon independent variables
109
Variable whose value depends upon independent variables
Dependent variable
110
Replication
When an experiment is repeated and the results from the original is reproduced
111
When an experiment is repeated and the results from the original is reproduced
Replication
112
Gross domestic product (GDP)
value of goods and services produced per person per year
113
value of goods and services produced per person per year
gross domestic product (GDP)
114
Total fertility rate
Number of children born to an average woman over her lifetime
115
Number of children born to an average woman over her lifetime
Total fertility rate
116
Ecological footprint
A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in an area of land
117
A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in an area of land
Ecological footprint
118
Natural casualty
All science that assumes that observations have a natural cause (excludes supernatural phenomenon)
119
All science that assumes that observations have a natural cause (excludes supernatural phenomenon)
Natural casualty
