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Enviro > Unit 0 > Flashcards

Unit 0 Flashcards

1
Q

Utilitarian

A

Assign value to the environment as a function of its economic or survival benefits or humans — the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people

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2
Q

Assign value to the environment as a function of its economic or survival benefits or humans — the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people

A

Utilitarian

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3
Q

Ecological

A

Emphasize the value of community life-support function over direct individual benefits

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4
Q

Emphasize the value of community life-support function over direct individual benefits

A

Ecological

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5
Q

Aesthetic

A

Based on human appreciation of natural beauty

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6
Q

Based on human appreciation of natural beauty

A

Aesthetic

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7
Q

Moral

A

assign rights to natural entities such as individuals, species, or ecosystems

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8
Q

Anthropocentric

A

Planetary management
Nature meant to serve us

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9
Q

World view: Nature meant to serve us

A

Anthropocentric

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10
Q

Another name for anthropocentric

A

Planetary management

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11
Q

Another name for planetary management

A

Anthropocentric

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12
Q

Biocentric

A

Stewardship/conservationist
Conservation, life making sure we dont run out of resources

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13
Q

Another word for biocentric

A

Stewardship/conservationist

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14
Q

Another word for Stewardship/conservationist

A

Biocentric

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15
Q

World view: Conservation, life making sure we dont run out of resources

A

Biocentric

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16
Q

Ecocentric

A

Environmental wisdom/preservationist
Dependent on nature, exists for all species, living things in its nature

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17
Q

Another name for ecocentric

A

Environmental wisdom/preservationist

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18
Q

Another name for Environmental wisdom/preservationist

A

Ecocentric

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19
Q

World view: Dependent on nature, exists for all species, living things in its nature

A

Ecocentric

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20
Q

Regulating
& two examples

A

Benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes

Air quality, climate, water runoff, erosion, natural hazards, pollination

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21
Q

Benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes

A

Regulating

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22
Q

Supporting
& two examples

A

Processes that sustain basic life forms, ecosystems, and people
Nutrient cycling, water cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis

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23
Q

Processes that sustain basic life forms, ecosystems, and people

A

Supporting

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24
Q

Provisional
& two examples

A

Types of materials extracted from nature to benefit people
Food, fiber, biomass fuel, freshwater, natural medicines

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25
Q

Types of materials extracted from nature to benefit people

A

Provisional

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26
Q

Cultural

A

Non-material benefit, contributes to advancements of people, builds knowledge, spreads ideas & creativity

Ethnic values, existence values, recreation & ecotourism

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27
Q

Non-material benefit, contributes to advancements of people, builds knowledge, spreads ideas & creativity

A

Cultural

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28
Q

Ecosystem services

A

Environments provide life supporting services such as clean water, timber, fisheries, crops

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29
Q

Environments provide life supporting services such as clean water, timber, fisheries, crops

A

Ecosystem services

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30
Q

Environmental indicators

A

Describe the current state of the environment

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31
Q

They describe the current state of the environment

A

Environmental indicators

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32
Q

Sustainability

A

Living on earth in a way that allows us to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources

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33
Q

Living on earth in a way that allows us to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources

A

Sustainability

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34
Q

Conservationists

A

Believe that we need to conserve nature and maintain it. The government should set strict regulations on the amount of resources extracted and how those resources are extracted
(Biocentric)

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35
Q

Believe that we need to conserve nature and maintain it. The government should set strict regulations on the amount of resources extracted and how those resources are extracted

A

Conservationists

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36
Q

What world view do conservationists have

A

Biocentric

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37
Q

Preservationists

A

Believe that the natural world should not be touched at all
(Ecocentric)

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38
Q

Believe that the natural world should not be touched at all

A

Preservationists

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39
Q

What world view do preservationists have

A

Ecocentric

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40
Q

Write down the 7 steps to making a mind map

A
  1. Start in the center
  2. Use an image/picture for central idea
  3. Use colors
  4. Connect main branches to central image & second branches to first level
  5. Make branches curved
  6. One key word per line
  7. Use images
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41
Q

Mind map: why do you start in the center

A

The center gives the brain freedom to spread out in all directions

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42
Q

Mind map: why do you use an image or picture for central idea

A

Image is worth a thousand words & keeps you focused

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43
Q

Mind map: why do you add colors

A

It adds life & creativity

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44
Q

Mind map: why do you connect the main branches to the central image & the second branches to the first level

A

Because the brain works by association

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45
Q

Mind map: why do we make the branches curved

A

Straight lines are boring to the brain

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46
Q

Mind map: why do we use one key word per line

A

Single words make the map more powerful & allows brain flexibility

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47
Q

Garret Hardin

A

Wrote about the tragedy of the commons
“Freedom in all commons brings ruin to all”

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48
Q

Wrote about the tragedy of the commons
“Freedom in all commons brings ruin to all”

A

Garret Hardin

49
Q

John Muir

A

“Father of national parks”
Founder of sierra club
“When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world”

50
Q

“Father of national parks”
Founder of sierra club
“When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world”

A

John muir

51
Q

Who said “When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world”

A

John Muir

52
Q

Who said “freedom to all commons beings ruin to all”

A

Garret Hardin

53
Q

E.O Wilson

A

Studied ants & applied this study to better understand human interactions, credited for theory of island biogeography
“Humanity is part of nature, a species that evolved among other species…”

54
Q

Who said “Humanity is part of nature, a species that evolved among other species…”

A

E.O. Wilson

55
Q

Studied ants & applied this study to better understand human interactions, credited for theory of island biogeography
“Humanity is part of nature, a species that evolved among other species…”

A

E.O Wilson

56
Q

Elinor Ostrom

A

Argued against tragedy of the commons, documented cases where the destruction of a commons has been avoided
“Little by little, bit by bit, family by family, so much good can be done on so many levels”

57
Q

Argued against tragedy of the commons, documented cases where the destruction of a commons has been avoided
“Little by little, bit by bit, family by family, so much good can be done on so many levels”

A

Elinor Ostrom

58
Q

Who said “Little by little, bit by bit, family by family, so much good can be done on so many levels”

A

Elinor Ostrom

59
Q

Aldo Leopold

A

Wrote A Sound County Almanac (collection of essays of a sustainable relationship between humans and nature)
“Ethical behavior is doing the right thing when no one else is watching - even when doing the wrong thing is legal”

60
Q

Wrote A Sound County Almanac (collection of essays of a sustainable relationship between humans and nature)
“Ethical behavior is doing the right thing when no one else is watching - even when doing the wrong thing is legal”

A

Aldo Leopold

61
Q

Who said “Ethical behavior is doing the right thing when no one else is watching - even when doing the wrong thing is legal”

A

Aldo Leopold

62
Q

Jane Goodhall

A

Studied chimpanzees, works on animal conservation
“Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference.”

63
Q

Studied chimpanzees, works on animal conservation
“Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference.”

A

Jane Goodhall

64
Q

Who said “Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference.”

A

Jane Goodhall

65
Q

Rachel Carson

A

Wrote Silent Spring which led to the better understanding of the hazards of chemical pesticides
“But man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself”

66
Q

Wrote Silent Spring which led to the better understanding of the hazards of chemical pesticides
“But man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself”

A

Rachel Carson

67
Q

Who said “But man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself”

A

Rachel Carson

68
Q

Who wrote the book Silent Spring

A

Rachel Carson

69
Q

Who argued against the tragedy of the commons

A

Elinor Ostrom

70
Q

Four categories of ecosystem services

A

Regulating, supporting, provisional, cultural

71
Q

Sylvia Earle

A

Dived into the ocean floor & set a woman’s depth record
“we are now facing paradise lost.”
“No water, no life. No blue, no green.”

72
Q

Dived into the ocean floor & set a woman’s depth record
“we are now facing paradise lost.”
“No water, no life. No blue, no green.”

A

Sylvia Earle

73
Q

Who said “we are now facing paradise lost.” “No water, no life. No blue, no green.”

A

Sylvia Earle

74
Q

Tragedy of the commons

A

When the short term, positive effects go to the individual, while the long-term negative effects are spread out to the group

75
Q

When the short term, positive effects go to the individual, while the long-term negative effects are spread out to the group

A

Tragedy of the commons

76
Q

Examples of tragedy of the commons

A

Overfishing
Overconsumption

77
Q

Who discovered the tragedy of the commons and who wrote about it

A

William forster lloyd discovered it
Garret Hardin wrote about it

78
Q

Willaim forser lloyd

A

Discovered the tragedy of the commons

79
Q

Five global indicators
definition and list

A

Indicates how well an ecosystem is doing
1. Biological diversity
2. Food production
3. Temperature & CO2 concentration
4. Human population
5. Resource depletion

80
Q

Jared Diamond’s hypothesis for easter island

A

Destruction of the island’s environment led to the population loss

81
Q

Hunt & Leo’s hypothesis on Easter Island

A

Rats introduced to the island had no predators & ate tree seeds which led to less natural resources and killed off the population

82
Q

Phenology

A

Study of the timing of natural events

Migration, budding, hibernation

83
Q

Study of the timing of natural events

A

Phenology

84
Q

What does the terrestrial chamber mimic (ecocolumn)

A

Land

85
Q

What is the sprinkler used for (ecocolumn)

A

To gently water seeds & saplings

86
Q

What are plant legumes used for (ecocolumn)

A

To demonstrate the nitrogen cycle

87
Q

Why do we add insects (ecocolumn)

A

To break down decomposing matter into nutrients (NPK)

88
Q

Why do we add leaf litter (ecocolumn)

A

For food & hiding place for insects, nutrients for soul once they decompose, to prevent water loss

89
Q

What is the filter chamber for (ecocolumn)

A

To clean water from the terrestrial chamber to the aquatic chamber

90
Q

What does the filter chamber mimic in nature (ecocolumn)

A

Where sand and gravel clean water from pollutants & water treatment plants where we run water through sand to capture pollutants

91
Q

What is the gravel under the filter chamber for (ecocolumn)

A

To help with drainage

92
Q

What does the aquatic chamber mimic in nature (ecocolumn)

A

A pondn

93
Q

What are the flaps of the aquatic chamber used for (ecocolumn)

A

To allow air flow so that oxygen can dissolve

94
Q

Why do we add plants to the aquatic chamber (ecocolumn)

A

To add dissolved oxygen, take in ammonia & nitrates from fish waste, provide food for fish

95
Q

What are the Harvard forest study codes for leaves

A

1-4 (no change - change)

96
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of life in the world or a particular ecosystem

97
Q

What is the concentration of co2 in the atmosphere

A

400ppm

98
Q

4 examples of non renewable resources

A

Oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear energy

99
Q

5 examples of renewable resources

A

Biomass energy, hydropower, geothermal power, wind energy, solar energy

100
Q

The developed nations of the world, which is roughly ___% of the world’s population consumes _______ of the world’s energy

A

17%
More than half

101
Q

Sustainable development
& example

A

Development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Solar energy, crop rotation, green spaces

102
Q

Constant

A

Values that do not change either during or between experiments

103
Q

Values that do not change either during or between experiments

A

Constant

104
Q

Control group

A

Used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship by isolating the effect of an independent variable

105
Q

Used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship by isolating the effect of an independent variable

A

Control group

106
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

107
Q

Variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

A

Independent variable

108
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable whose value depends upon independent variables

109
Q

Variable whose value depends upon independent variables

A

Dependent variable

110
Q

Replication

A

When an experiment is repeated and the results from the original is reproduced

111
Q

When an experiment is repeated and the results from the original is reproduced

A

Replication

112
Q

Gross domestic product (GDP)

A

value of goods and services produced per person per year

113
Q

value of goods and services produced per person per year

A

gross domestic product (GDP)

114
Q

Total fertility rate

A

Number of children born to an average woman over her lifetime

115
Q

Number of children born to an average woman over her lifetime

A

Total fertility rate

116
Q

Ecological footprint

A

A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in an area of land

117
Q

A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in an area of land

A

Ecological footprint

118
Q

Natural casualty

A

All science that assumes that observations have a natural cause (excludes supernatural phenomenon)

119
Q

All science that assumes that observations have a natural cause (excludes supernatural phenomenon)

A

Natural casualty

Enviro (8 decks)

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