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BEH 5043 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Focus of ABA practice

A

Individual level, better quality of life, achieve meaningful outcomes

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2
Q

Pragmatism

A

Philosophical assumption that the truth of theories or beliefs are assessed by the success of their application

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3
Q

ABA practice involves

A

Direct observation, measurement, graphing, manipulation of antecedents and consequences

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4
Q

ABA practice methods include

A

Assessment, development/design of the plan, plan implementation, monitoring and evaluation, plan revision, and consultation

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5
Q

Behavior Analysis: The ___________ to studying the effects of ______

A

The natural science approach to studying the effects of environmental variables on behavior

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6
Q

Behavior Analysis is the ____ of ______.

A

Behavior analysis is the science of behavior

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7
Q

The two uses of the term Behavior Analysis: The scientific study of _____; the _______

A

The scientific study of functional relations between behavior and environmental events and the technological applications

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8
Q

Basic Operations of Behavior Analysis

A

G - Graphed Data
R - Repeated measures
A - Analysis and interpretation
D - Direct observation
E - Environmental manipulation
S - Systematic evaluation

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9
Q

Direct observation is defined as:

A

Directly observing behavior, environmental events, and the environmental context in real life

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10
Q

Direct observation is referred to as the:

A

Show me method

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11
Q

Measurement is defined as

A

Quantifying different dimensions of behavior

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12
Q

During observation we measure using one or more of the following:

A

Number (count) of responses, when or how long a response occurs

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13
Q

Repeated Measures

A

Data collected multiple times before and after each environmental manipulation and during any other phase

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14
Q

Graphed Data

A

An ongoing collection of data charted on different types of graphical displays

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15
Q

Environmental manipulation

A

Systematically changing the environment by manipulating antecedents and/or consequences

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16
Q

What should occur once repeated measures of behavior have been taken through direct observations?

A

Graph collected data

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17
Q

What are systematically manipulated in behavior analysis?

A

Antecedents and consequences

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18
Q

Types of environmental manipulations

A

S - Signal a consequence
P - Present an antecedent stimulus
E - Establish or abolish the effectiveness of a consequence
W - Withdraw an antecedent stimulus
P - Pair two or more stimuli
P - Provide a consequence

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19
Q

What is an example of presenting an antecedent stimulus?

A

Hand washing sign, other visual supports

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20
Q

What is an example of withdrawing an antecedent stimulus?

A

Removing snacks from view

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21
Q

Example of pairing stimuli

A

Pavlov, early sessions (pairing clinician with reinforcement), tokens and money

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22
Q

Example of providing a consequence

A

Money for chores, get food for pressing lever

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23
Q

Signaling a consequence example

A

“Break” card on the table, light up clock

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24
Q

Example of Establishing/Abolishing the value of a consequence

A

Schedule manding session right before lunch, deprive rat of food before a session

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25
Systematic Evaluation is defined as
The use of a single-subject designs to control for extraneous variables where each individual serves as their own control
26
Analysis and Interpretation: _____ analysis of ____ case designs to identify ________
Visual analysis of single case designs to identify functional relations between behavior and environmental events.
27
In behavior analysis, ______ analysis of data is used to identify relations between behavior and environmental events
Visual analysis
28
ABA Practice is the ____
Application of the principles of behavior analysis to assess and improve socially significant human behavior
29
Pragmatism in action
ABA practice
30
ABA practice is derived from
Experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
31
Outcomes
Functional statements about what a person wants to accomplish and attain in their life
32
Outcomes are specified in
Outcome statements
33
Outcomes are NOT _____
Specific changes in behavior
34
The ultimate goal of service is referred to as the ______.
Outcome
35
Critical Attributes of Behavior
Biological in nature Involves action Involves interaction between the organism and the environment
36
BehavER
Individual who is behaving and whose behavior we are observing
37
Behavior is ______ the organism.
Behavior is not a part of the organism. E.g., have intelligence, are lazy
38
Response cycle is also known as
Movement cycle
39
A response cycle consists of
A beginning, middle, and end.
40
Response Class
A collection of two or more topographically different responses that have the same effect on the environment
41
A target behavior should be:
Defined, observable, measurable, and the focus of assessment, analysis, and intervention
42
A target behavior is:
Behavior (response class) of interest defined by its topography or function
43
Reasons for targeting behavior
Developing, strengthening, replacement, weakening, stimulus control, maintenance, and generalization
44
General Types of behavior problem
Behavior is not happening and we want it to, happening too much, or happening, but there is a problem with the performance
45
Skill deficit
Does not do at all - Can’t do problem Or does, but not independently
46
Performance Problem
Won’t do, does not initiate
47
Problems with strength
Does, but lacks mastery Does well enough, but lacks fluency Does well enough, but not frequently enough
48
Problems with Stimulus Control
Does at the wrong place or wrong time
49
Problems with maintenance
Behavior change doesn’t persist once the behavior change program ends
50
Problems with Generality
Does, but under limited circumstances
51
Function is
The effect of a response on the environment
52
Functional Response Definitions
Responses defined in relation to their occurrence in the presence of particular antecedents or consequences.
53
Topographical Response Definitions
Responses defined based on the physical features or form of the response
54
What type of response definition is preferred and why?
Functional. Includes all forms of the response, effect on the environment is important, more simplified than topographical
55
When to use topographical definitions
When the functional outcome of a response cannot be observed, may not be produced by each instance of the response, may be produced by other events or undesirable variations in behavior. When the topography is of interest over the effect.
56
Characteristics of a good response definition
Objective, clear, complete
57
Objective Definitions
Observable, recorded reliability by others
58
Clear definitions
Readable and unambiguous; allows for replication
59
Complete definitions
Boundaries defined - what is and is not an instance of behavior
60
Being clear - magnitude in definitions
Size, strengths, intensity of the response
61
Specific response
Single instance of behavior
62
Episode
Brief period of responding that includes the frequent occurrence of one or more behaviors
63
Combined topographies
Lump responses together (physical aggression, property damage)
64
Separate responses definitions
Define separately based on severity or some other parameter
65
Include length of response?
How long does a response have to occur to be counted
66
Include time between responses
Counting a new episode by looking at the time between responses
67
Include time before response starts?
How much time can pass between a stimulus and response to be counted?
68
Response Products
Observable permanent changes in the environment after a response
69
“Attempts”
Individual tried to engage in the response, but was blocked and could not complete the response
70
“Threats”
Saying or gesturing that they will complete the response
71
Other names for response definitions
Target behavior definition, operational definition
72
Watch out for definitions that: ignore _____ and ______, include _______, have ___ issues, are written ____
Ignore context, ignore intensity/magnitude, include too many topographies, have “title” issues, are written “loosely”
73
Three questions to ask when testing response definitions
Can you count it? Can someone else see it? Can you break it down?
74
Can you break it down?
Is the behavior already broken down into its smallest, most specific behavioral component?

BEH 5043 (6 decks)

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