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BEH 5043 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Focus of ABA practice

A

Individual level, better quality of life, achieve meaningful outcomes

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2
Q

Pragmatism

A

Philosophical assumption that the truth of theories or beliefs are assessed by the success of their application

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3
Q

ABA practice involves

A

Direct observation, measurement, graphing, manipulation of antecedents and consequences

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4
Q

ABA practice methods include

A

Assessment, development/design of the plan, plan implementation, monitoring and evaluation, plan revision, and consultation

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5
Q

Behavior Analysis: The ___________ to studying the effects of ______

A

The natural science approach to studying the effects of environmental variables on behavior

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6
Q

Behavior Analysis is the ____ of ______.

A

Behavior analysis is the science of behavior

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7
Q

The two uses of the term Behavior Analysis: The scientific study of _____; the _______

A

The scientific study of functional relations between behavior and environmental events and the technological applications

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8
Q

Basic Operations of Behavior Analysis

A

G - Graphed Data
R - Repeated measures
A - Analysis and interpretation
D - Direct observation
E - Environmental manipulation
S - Systematic evaluation

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9
Q

Direct observation is defined as:

A

Directly observing behavior, environmental events, and the environmental context in real life

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10
Q

Direct observation is referred to as the:

A

Show me method

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11
Q

Measurement is defined as

A

Quantifying different dimensions of behavior

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12
Q

During observation we measure using one or more of the following:

A

Number (count) of responses, when or how long a response occurs

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13
Q

Repeated Measures

A

Data collected multiple times before and after each environmental manipulation and during any other phase

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14
Q

Graphed Data

A

An ongoing collection of data charted on different types of graphical displays

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15
Q

Environmental manipulation

A

Systematically changing the environment by manipulating antecedents and/or consequences

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16
Q

What should occur once repeated measures of behavior have been taken through direct observations?

A

Graph collected data

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17
Q

What are systematically manipulated in behavior analysis?

A

Antecedents and consequences

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18
Q

Types of environmental manipulations

A

S - Signal a consequence
P - Present an antecedent stimulus
E - Establish or abolish the effectiveness of a consequence
W - Withdraw an antecedent stimulus
P - Pair two or more stimuli
P - Provide a consequence

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19
Q

What is an example of presenting an antecedent stimulus?

A

Hand washing sign, other visual supports

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20
Q

What is an example of withdrawing an antecedent stimulus?

A

Removing snacks from view

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21
Q

Example of pairing stimuli

A

Pavlov, early sessions (pairing clinician with reinforcement), tokens and money

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22
Q

Example of providing a consequence

A

Money for chores, get food for pressing lever

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23
Q

Signaling a consequence example

A

“Break” card on the table, light up clock

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24
Q

Example of Establishing/Abolishing the value of a consequence

A

Schedule manding session right before lunch, deprive rat of food before a session

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25
Q

Systematic Evaluation is defined as

A

The use of a single-subject designs to control for extraneous variables where each individual serves as their own control

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26
Q

Analysis and Interpretation: _____ analysis of ____ case designs to identify ________

A

Visual analysis of single case designs to identify functional relations between behavior and environmental events.

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27
Q

In behavior analysis, ______ analysis of data is used to identify relations between behavior and environmental events

A

Visual analysis

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28
Q

ABA Practice is the ____

A

Application of the principles of behavior analysis to assess and improve socially significant human behavior

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29
Q

Pragmatism in action

A

ABA practice

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30
Q

ABA practice is derived from

A

Experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)

31
Q

Outcomes

A

Functional statements about what a person wants to accomplish and attain in their life

32
Q

Outcomes are specified in

A

Outcome statements

33
Q

Outcomes are NOT _____

A

Specific changes in behavior

34
Q

The ultimate goal of service is referred to as the ______.

A

Outcome

35
Q

Critical Attributes of Behavior

A

Biological in nature
Involves action
Involves interaction between the organism and the environment

36
Q

BehavER

A

Individual who is behaving and whose behavior we are observing

37
Q

Behavior is ______ the organism.

A

Behavior is not a part of the organism. E.g., have intelligence, are lazy

38
Q

Response cycle is also known as

A

Movement cycle

39
Q

A response cycle consists of

A

A beginning, middle, and end.

40
Q

Response Class

A

A collection of two or more topographically different responses that have the same effect on the environment

41
Q

A target behavior should be:

A

Defined, observable, measurable, and the focus of assessment, analysis, and intervention

42
Q

A target behavior is:

A

Behavior (response class) of interest defined by its topography or function

43
Q

Reasons for targeting behavior

A

Developing, strengthening, replacement, weakening, stimulus control, maintenance, and generalization

44
Q

General Types of behavior problem

A

Behavior is not happening and we want it to, happening too much, or happening, but there is a problem with the performance

45
Q

Skill deficit

A

Does not do at all - Can’t do problem
Or does, but not independently

46
Q

Performance Problem

A

Won’t do, does not initiate

47
Q

Problems with strength

A

Does, but lacks mastery
Does well enough, but lacks fluency
Does well enough, but not frequently enough

48
Q

Problems with Stimulus Control

A

Does at the wrong place or wrong time

49
Q

Problems with maintenance

A

Behavior change doesn’t persist once the behavior change program ends

50
Q

Problems with Generality

A

Does, but under limited circumstances

51
Q

Function is

A

The effect of a response on the environment

52
Q

Functional Response Definitions

A

Responses defined in relation to their occurrence in the presence of particular antecedents or consequences.

53
Q

Topographical Response Definitions

A

Responses defined based on the physical features or form of the response

54
Q

What type of response definition is preferred and why?

A

Functional. Includes all forms of the response, effect on the environment is important, more simplified than topographical

55
Q

When to use topographical definitions

A

When the functional outcome of a response cannot be observed, may not be produced by each instance of the response, may be produced by other events or undesirable variations in behavior.
When the topography is of interest over the effect.

56
Q

Characteristics of a good response definition

A

Objective, clear, complete

57
Q

Objective Definitions

A

Observable, recorded reliability by others

58
Q

Clear definitions

A

Readable and unambiguous; allows for replication

59
Q

Complete definitions

A

Boundaries defined - what is and is not an instance of behavior

60
Q

Being clear - magnitude in definitions

A

Size, strengths, intensity of the response

61
Q

Specific response

A

Single instance of behavior

62
Q

Episode

A

Brief period of responding that includes the frequent occurrence of one or more behaviors

63
Q

Combined topographies

A

Lump responses together (physical aggression, property damage)

64
Q

Separate responses definitions

A

Define separately based on severity or some other parameter

65
Q

Include length of response?

A

How long does a response have to occur to be counted

66
Q

Include time between responses

A

Counting a new episode by looking at the time between responses

67
Q

Include time before response starts?

A

How much time can pass between a stimulus and response to be counted?

68
Q

Response Products

A

Observable permanent changes in the environment after a response

69
Q

“Attempts”

A

Individual tried to engage in the response, but was blocked and could not complete the response

70
Q

“Threats”

A

Saying or gesturing that they will complete the response

71
Q

Other names for response definitions

A

Target behavior definition, operational definition

72
Q

Watch out for definitions that: ignore _____ and ______, include _______, have ___ issues, are written ____

A

Ignore context, ignore intensity/magnitude, include too many topographies, have “title” issues, are written “loosely”

73
Q

Three questions to ask when testing response definitions

A

Can you count it?
Can someone else see it?
Can you break it down?

74
Q

Can you break it down?

A

Is the behavior already broken down into its smallest, most specific behavioral component?

BEH 5043 (6 decks)

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