Unit 6

Question 1

What does “behavioral variability” refer to?

Answer 1

Each response will vary along some dimension

Question 2

Extrinsic variability

Answer 2

Assumption that behavioral variability is not inherent to the individual

Question 3

Experimentation

Answer 3

Basic strategy to collect and test information about the world

Question 4

Independent variable

Answer 4

The variable that is manipulated - An environmental event/condition or stimulus class

Question 5

DV in Behavioral Analysis

Answer 5

Dimension of behavior or a response class

Question 6

Experimentation basics

Answer 6

• Manipulate the independent variable
• Measure the dependent variable
• Control for all other factors (hold constant or eliminate)

Question 7

Experimental Design

Answer 7

The specific arrangement of environmental conditions within an experiment

Question 8

Goals of Experimental Design

Answer 8

To demonstrate a functional relation between the IV and the DV. To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.

Question 9

Experimental Control

Answer 9

When systematic changes in the environment result in predictable and orderly changes in behavior

Question 10

Establishing Experimental Control

Answer 10

-Design and implement effective measurement procedures
-Select and manage environmental conditions
-Minimize effects of outside variables

Question 11

Internal validity

Answer 11

Extent to which measured changes in the DV are attributable to the IV manipulation and not some other factor

Question 12

External validity

Answer 12

Extent to which the results of a study extend to other individuals, settings, or behavior

Question 13

Eight threats to internal validity (MIRTHSAD)

Answer 13

Maturation
Instrumentation
Regression towards the mean
Testing
History
Selection bias
Attrition
Diffusion of treatment

Question 14

History

Answer 14

Other events or changes that coincide with the introduction of the IV that could also have an effect on behavior

Question 15

Maturation

Answer 15

Natural developmental events or learning experiences that coincide with the introduction of the IV

Question 16

Testing

Answer 16

When changes in the DV have come about as a function of repeated exposure to the environmental arrangement

Question 17

Instrumentation

Answer 17

When changes in behavior may reflect changes in the measurement system rather than effects of the IV

Question 18

Diffusion of treatment

Answer 18

Inadvertent, uncontrolled seepage of the treatment to control conditions or subjects

Question 19

Regression towards the mean

Answer 19

Changes occurred because pre-intervention (baseline) measurement were not representative of the natural state of events

Question 20

Selection Bias

Answer 20

Assignment of participants to groups May bias the outcome even in the absence of intervention

Question 21

Self-selection bias

Answer 21

Individuals who are prone to show greater improvements may also be more likely to participate in the study

Question 22

Attrition

Answer 22

Loss of participants over time that may influence the effects of a study

Question 23

Extraneous variables

Answer 23

Events unrelated to the IV that may affect the DV

Question 24

Controlling extraneous variables

Answer 24

-Eliminate them
-Hold them constant
-Investigate their influence

Question 25

Eliminating extraneous variables

Answer 25

Getting rid of all extraneous factors

Question 26

Hold extraneous variables constant

Answer 26

Ensure any extraneous variables are present across experimental conditions

Question 27

Investigate extraneous variables

Answer 27

Look for their effect directly

Question 28

Confounds

Answer 28

Uncontrolled variable known or suspected to exert influence on a dependent variable

Question 29

Confounds related to experimental design

Answer 29

- Multiple treatment interference -Sequence effects - Carryover effects

Question 30

Multiple-treatment interference

Answer 30

When results of an analysis are affected by the specific combination of two or more treatments

Question 31

Sequence effect is also known as

Answer 31

Order effects

Question 32

Sequence effect

Answer 32

When changes in the dependent variable are attributable to the order of experimental conditions

Question 33

Carryover Effects

Answer 33

When patterns of behavior established in one condition extend into a second condition even if the independent variables are very different

Question 34

Cyclical variability

Answer 34

Repeated patterns of responding over time unrelated to the independent variable

Question 35

Four types of analyses (questions)

Answer 35

Demonstrative Parametric Component Comparative

Question 36

Demonstrative analysis

Answer 36

Analysis that seeks to determine the extent to which an intervention is effective

Question 37

Parametric analysis

Answer 37

Analysis of the effects of various levels of an independent variable on behavior

Question 38

Parametric analysis examples

Answer 38

-The effects of differing values of a reinforcement schedule (FR1 vs FR10) - comparisons of treatments at different strengths (brief time outs vs long time out)