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BEH 5043 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hallmark of the Science of Behavior Analysis

A

Visual Analysis of Graphical Displays of Data

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2
Q

Visual analysis via graphs provides

A

Rapid access to information that may be hidden in a data table or list of numbers

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3
Q

Visual analysis via graphs as a process, replaces

A

The use of most aspects of statistical analysis

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4
Q

Data

A

The quantification of a measurable phenomenon

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5
Q

The IV can be

A

A point in time and/or some other environmental variable

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6
Q

Visual Analysis is

A

A systematic visual examination of data

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7
Q

Two Basic Steps of Visual Analysis

A

1 - Evaluate the general characteristics of the entire display
2 - Inspect and analyze specific data

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8
Q

Evaluate the general characteristics of the entire data display

A

Display type, range and continuity of each axis, variables under consideration, etc.

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9
Q

Inspect and analyze specific data

A

Evaluate data trend, level, and variability within and across phases

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10
Q

Typically, data are presented as

A

Repeated measurement over time

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11
Q

The purpose of visual analysis

A

To evaluate the possible effect of specific environmental variables on the target behavior

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12
Q

The purpose of visual analysis answers two basic questions:

A

1 - Was there a meaningful change in behavior?
2 - To what extent can the change in behavior (the DV) be attributed to a specific environmental change (IV)

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13
Q

Visual analysis has also been termed

A

Criterion by inspection

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14
Q

Visual analysis is the _____ of _____ and ____

A

The cornerstone of behavior analytic research and practice

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15
Q

Three types of data displays

A

-Data embedded in text
-Data presented in a table
-Graphical display

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16
Q

Graph is defined as

A

Data display that provides visual representations of relationship(s) between a series of measurements and relevant variables

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17
Q

A graph is also known as

A

A chart

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18
Q

Tables and data embedded within a text may be used as

A

Adjuncts to graph

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19
Q

Some Benefits of Using Graphs

A

-Provide immediate access to an ongoing visual record of behavior
-Promote continuous evaluation
-Unexpected variants in data can lead to more complete analysis
-Aid in judgment and interpretation of data more quickly and with less training than required by statistical evaluation

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20
Q

Visual analysis via graphs tends to be more ____ than statistical analysis

A

Conservative

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21
Q

Who can benefit from reviewing data presented in a graph?

A

The person whose behavior is measured on the graph, the data collectors, the behavior analyst

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22
Q

Types of Graphs in ABA

A

-Equal-interval line graph
-Cumulative records
-Bar graph
-Semi-logarithmic graphs (e.g., standard Celeration chart)

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23
Q

What is another name for a bar graph?

A

Histogram

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24
Q

Cumulative Record

A

Graphic display of cumulative number of responses across time

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25
Bar graph
Graphic display for summarizing categorical data
26
Celeration (Semi-Log) Chart
Graphic display of responses across time that includes a logarithmic y-axis
27
Equal-Interval Line Graph
Data display that uses data points connected by lines to provide visual representations of relationship(s) between variables
28
An equal-interval line graph is also known as
Line graph, simple line graph, frequency polygon
29
A point on a simple line graph represents
A specific relationship between the two variables measured along each axis line
30
Each point on the y-axis represents
A quantifiable amount of behavior
31
Each point on the x-axis represents
A point in time or some other environmental variable
32
The most commonly used format for charting ABA data
Equal-interval line graphs
33
Parts of an equal-interval line graph
-Horizontal x-axis -Vertical y-axis -Axis labels -Condition and phase change lines -Condition and phase change labels -Data Points -The data path -Figure legend
34
Vertical axis has a ____ ratio to the horizontal axis because ____
2:3 ratio because it allows for a better display of Variability and data distortion is limited
35
Benefit/purpose of data points/path clear
Clarity in data/directionality
36
Benefit/purpose of figure caption
Conveys overall graph meaning
37
Figure caption is also known as
Legend
38
X-Axis is also known as
The abscissa
39
The x-axis is sometimes based on
A variable other than time
40
The Y-Axis is also known as
The ordinate
41
Behavior rates are best expressed as ___, rather than ____
Best expressed as a function of whole-time units, rather than using nonstandard units (e.g. per hour, per minute, not per class or per session)
42
For reduction targets, y-axis range:
1.5-2.0x the highest measured baseline value
43
If the data path spikes above the upper range of the y-axis
-Re-chart your data with a new y-axis -Run path to the top of the graph and put the outlying value next to that line segment
44
Ranges for acquisition ranges
No convention exists. Depends on the specific behavior being charted. Usually set the maximum above the learning goal (25-33%)
45
The y-axis to x-axis ratio should be between
2:3 and 5:8
46
Data Point
A point in the graph that represents a specific relationship between the two variables measured along each axis line
47
Each data point is an individual measured value of
The target behavior (DV) at a given point in time
48
Data path
A series of straight lines connecting each successive data point within a phase or condition
49
The data path represents
The relationship between the IV and the DV
50
Each line in the data path represents
An estimate of the behavior
51
The primary focus for analysis and interpretation
Data path
52
The more data points collected, the more…
Confidence that can be placed in the story of the behavior depicted in the data path.
53
Figure legend
Concise statement that provides information about the graph
54
Converting to common units
Data on dimensional quantities are often collected during unequal periods of observation and must be converted into standard units
55
Descriptive statistics
Values that summarize a data set
56
Use of descriptive statistics
-With groups or with repeated measures of an individual -To complement the visual analysis of graphs
57
Two types of descriptive statistics
-Central tendency of data -Spread of data
58
Central tendency of data
-Mean -Median -Mode
59
Spread of data
-Range -Variation -Standard deviation
60
Mean
Average value of a data set
61
Median
Middle data point in an ordered data set
62
Mode
Data value that occurs most often in a data set
63
In visual analysis, we most often use the ____ to analyze our data
Mean
64
When analyzing a graph visually, we must look at what four characteristics of the data plotted on the chart?
Level Variability Trend Number of data points
65
Level
The mean value of a set of data points, usually across an entire condition or phase
66
The level line is always
A flat horizontal line drawn through a set of data points Typically on the mean
67
A visual inspection of a shift in level can allow you to
Evaluate the effect of the change in the independent variable
68
Trend
Overall direction of the data path through a set of data points
69
Trend is described in terms of
The overall direction of a data path (increasing, decreasing, no trend). Never “first increasing then decreasing.”
70
Trend line
Straight line through graphically displayed data indicating the overall direction and slope of the data path
71
Variability
The extent to which measures of behavior under the same environmental conditions diverge from one another
72
Variability is best determined around
A central reference - the trend line

BEH 5043 (6 decks)

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