Unit 5

Question 1

Natural Science is ____, but ______

Answer 1

Inductive, not deductive

Question 2

Inductive

Answer 2

Contact with phenomenon through observation and measurement prior to developing any kind of interpretive language about it

Question 3

Natural science of behavior focuses on

Answer 3

Observable behavior and objective, operational definitions

Question 4

Natural Science: Use of

Answer 4

Standard, absolute unit of measures

Question 5

Standard

Answer 5

Widely used by the community

Question 6

Absolute

Answer 6

The measure never changes

Question 7

Universal

Answer 7

Can be applied to every instance where that type of measure is important

Question 8

Dimensionless quantities are

Answer 8

Abstractions from the behavior of interest

Question 9

Dimensionless quantities are _____ to _____

Answer 9

Less sensitive to environmental variables

Question 10

Free operant

Answer 10

Behavior that is free to occur at any time

Question 11

Restricted operants

Answer 11

Behavior that requires an opportunity to occur

Question 12

Restricted operants are also known as

Answer 12

Discriminated operants

Question 13

E.L. Thorndike’s experiments: Type of operant

Answer 13

Restricted operant responding within a discrete trial

Question 14

E.L. Thorndike’s experiments: Start/end of the trial

Answer 14

Start: Cat locked in a puzzle box
End: Cat escapes the box (can only occur one time per trial

Question 15

E.L. Thorndike’s experiments: Measure

Answer 15

Latency to engage in target behavior

Question 16

Skinner’s experiments: Type of operant

Answer 16

Free operant responding - organism can engage in target behavior any number of times while on the operant chamber

Question 17

Skinner experiments: Measure

Answer 17

Celeration

Question 18

Cumulative record

Answer 18

Graphic display of the number of responses recording during an observation period added to the total number of responses recorded across an amount of time

Question 19

Within-Session Cumulative Record

Answer 19

Graphic display of the number of responses recording within an observation period added to the total number of responses recorded

Question 20

Across-Session Cumulative Record

Answer 20

Graphic display of the number of responses recorded added to the total number of responses recorded across an amount of times

Question 21

Across-Session Cumulative Record is sometimes called

Answer 21

Cumulative graph

Question 22

Interpreting Cumulative Records: Each data point indicates

Answer 22

The total number of responses up to that point in time

Question 23

Interpreting Cumulative Records: The steeper the slope,

Answer 23

The higher rate of response

Question 24

Interpreting Cumulative Records: A flat, horizontal line indicates

Answer 24

No responding during that time period

Question 25

Overall Response Rate on Cumulative Records

Answer 25

Average rate of response during a specific period Calculate: Divided the total number of responses by the number of recorded observations

Question 26

Local response rate on cumulative records

Answer 26

Rate of responding during shorter periods of time than the period for which the overall response rate has been calculated

Question 27

Cumulative records may be preferable to an equal-interval line graph when:

Answer 27

-Progress towards a goal can be measured in cumulative units -Delivering feedback -Behavior occurs or doesn’t occur just once per session -Comparing environmental variables

Question 28

Progress towards a goal

Answer 28

Target behavior of interest in the total number of responses emitting overall or within in a time period

Question 29

Progress towards a goal examples

Answer 29

Number of dollars saved, number of new words read

Question 30

Delivering feedback

Answer 30

Since behavior continues to add to the total, the cumulative graph will never show a decelerating trend

Question 31

A cumulate record May be less like to ____ than line graphs with deceleration

Answer 31

Evoke negative effects (avoidance, embarrassment, etc)

Question 32

One opportunity per session

Answer 32

When behavior can only happen or not happen one time, a cumulative graph can allow for easier interpretation of results (trend is more obvious)

Question 33

Cumulative record advantages: comparing environmental variables

Answer 33

Cumulative records can demonstrate differences in multiple interventions (relative client preference for one intervention over another, relative efficacy and/or efficiency of one intervention over another

Question 34

Cumulative record considerations

Answer 34

-Respinse rate per session may not be obvious -Gradual changes in slope may be difficult to detect

Question 35

Semilogarithmic Graph

Answer 35

Graph that uses a logarithmic ratio scale for the y-axis and a linear equal-interval scale for the other

Question 36

Semi-log graph is sometimes called

Answer 36

Ratio graph

Question 37

In a semi log graph, the y-axis uses

Answer 37

Ratio scale moving via multiplication and division

Question 38

Absolute Change

Answer 38

The actual amount of difference between data at one point in time and another

Question 39

Relative change

Answer 39

The proportional amount of difference between data at one point in time and another