unit 1

Question 1

what is biology?

Answer 1

the study of living organisms

Question 2

describe the characteristic : made up of one or more cells

Answer 2

a cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things, they can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 3

describe the characteristic : reproduction

Answer 3

production of offspring, organisms that can do this are called species

Question 4

describe the characteristic : growth and development

Answer 4

addition of mass to an organism is called growth, process of natural changes over the lifetime is development, ex: kid getting taller and caterpillar to butterfly

Question 5

describe the characteristic : requires energy

Answer 5

most plants use light energy to make food, organisms cannot make their own so they consume other organisms, ex: plant photosynthesis or rabbit eating grass

Question 6

what are autotrophs?

Answer 6

first in the food chain, do not depend on others, ex: algae

Question 7

what are heterotrophs?

Answer 7

depend on autotrophs and other heterotrophs, ex: tiger

Question 8

describe the characteristic : responds to a stimuli

Answer 8

anything part of an environment causes a reaction which is a stimuli, the reaction to this is a response, ex: rabbit gets scared and runs away in response

Question 9

describe the characteristic : maintains homeostasis

Answer 9

regulation of an organisms internal conditions to maintain life, if anything affects its normal state it will have a process to restore the normal state, ex: sweating to cool down

Question 10

describe the characteristic : adaptations evolve over time

Answer 10

inherited characteristics that help species to survive and reproduce ex: white arctic fox hiding in snow

Question 11

describe the characteristic : displays organization

Answer 11

living things are arranged in an orderly way, ex: cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 12

describe the scientific method step : ask a question

Answer 12

collect information on something, ask questions, use prior knowledge

Question 13

describe the scientific method step : form a hypothesis

Answer 13

use gathered and observed information to form a testable explanation, ex: if i take my vitamins every day, then i will not feel tired

Question 14

describe the scientific method step : collect experimental data

Answer 14

design experiment to test the hypothesis

Question 15

what is an experimental group?

Answer 15

exposed to the factor being tested

Question 16

what is a control group?

Answer 16

used for comparison

Question 17

what is an independent variable (IV)?

Answer 17

the variable you change in an experiment to see the effects (DV)

Question 18

what is a dependent variable (DV)?

Answer 18

what is being tested in the experiment, the result

Question 19

what is a constant?

Answer 19

remains unchanged throughout the experiment

Question 20

what is data?

Answer 20

information gained from observations

Question 21

what is quantative data?

Answer 21

form of numbers (quantitity)

Question 22

what is qualitative data?

Answer 22

form of senses (quality)

Question 23

describe the scientific method step : analyze the data

Answer 23

interpret the collected data and look for patterns by making a table or graph

Question 24

what is a stimulus?

Answer 24

a change in the external environment

Question 25

what are receptors?

Answer 25

structures that monitor changes in the external environment

Question 26

what is a control center?

Answer 26

processes information from the receptor

Question 27

what is an effector?

Answer 27

responds to the change, ex: muscle or gland

Question 28

what is a response?

Answer 28

end of homeostatic feedback loop

Question 29

what are homeostatic mechanisms?

Answer 29

control system that the body uses to maintain homeostasis, ex: functioning thermostat in a home

Question 30

what does your digestive system do?

Answer 30

brings nutrients intro body

Question 31

what does your respiratory system do?

Answer 31

bring in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide

Question 32

what does your cardiovascular system do?

Answer 32

distributes oxygen and nutrients to the body cells, transports wastes away from them

Question 33

what do your urinary and respiratory systems do?

Answer 33

remove wastes from the body

Question 34

what is a negative feedback loop?

Answer 34

corrects deviations from normal, ex: bring back down heat if cold, bring back up cold if hot

Question 35

what is a positive feedback loop?

Answer 35

exaggerates deviation to go even higher, ex: population in city increasing which leads to more kids (increases the population even more)

Question 36

why do we graph?

Answer 36

to visually see data trends or patterns, interpret easily

Question 37

what is a line graph?

Answer 37

used for continuous data, data points are usually connected (dot to dot)

Question 38

what is a bar graph?

Answer 38

used for comparing groups, x axis is usually categories or non-numerical data

Question 39

what is a scatter plot?

Answer 39

used for continuous data, between interdependent variables

Question 40

what is a histogram?

Answer 40

like bar graphs except no gaps between columns and no categories, number ranges instead

Question 41

what is a pie chart?

Answer 41

parts of whole, represents data in a circular graph

Question 42

what does TAILS stand for?

Answer 42

title, axis, interval, labels, scale

Question 43

what is the difference between an observation and an inference?

Answer 43

observation is five senses, inference is the conclusion after you have observed

Question 44

what is a bacteria?

Answer 44

unicellular, living, and needs a host cell to reproduce

Question 45

what is a virus?

Answer 45

non-living, has dna, and needs a host cell to reproduce

Question 46

what is a scientific journal?

Answer 46

the best place to locate current findings on the newest technologies

Question 47

what is an encyclopedia?

Answer 47

good place to find information on extinct species or historical theories

Question 48

what are state/local agencies?

Answer 48

can help with local policies or local research

Question 49

describe the scientific method step : draw a conclusion

Answer 49

compare the results with what you expected, include improvements for future experiments or trials

Question 50

describe the scientific method step : communicate results

Answer 50

spread your knowledge so others can build on the experiment

Question 51

what is a balance used for?

Answer 51

measuring mass

Question 52

what is a light microscope used for?

Answer 52

examining extremely small specimens

Question 53

what is an electron microscope used for

Answer 53

used for examining small specimens, was used to discover cells

Question 54

what is a beaker used for?

Answer 54

measuring volume, although it is a less accurate tool

Question 55

what is a graduated cylinder used for?

Answer 55

measuring precise volumes of liquids

Question 56

what is an objective lens of a microscope?

Answer 56

lens closer to the sample or specimen under observation

Question 57

what is an ocular lens of a microscope?

Answer 57

lens farther to the sample and closer to the observer

Question 58

what is a diaphragm of a microscope?

Answer 58

controls how much light hits the specimen

Question 59

what is fine focus of a microscope?

Answer 59

sharpens the focus quality of the image

Question 60

what is coarse focus of a microscope?

Answer 60

used to bring the specimen into approximate or near focus

Question 61

what is the stage of a microscope?

Answer 61

where the specimen is placed for observation, usually mounted onto a glass slide as well

Question 62

what is the barrel of a microscope?

Answer 62

connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses, draws light into the eyepiece for viewing

Question 63

what is the base of a microscope?

Answer 63

the bottom of the microscope, used for support

Question 64

what are the stage clips of a microscope?

Answer 64

they hold the slides in place

Question 65

what is a lamp of a microscope?

Answer 65

adjusts the amount of light on the slide

Question 66

what is the arm of a microscope?

Answer 66

it supports the body tube and connects it to the base

Question 67

what is the revolving nosepiece of a microscope?

Answer 67

holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to change power

Question 68

how do you put on a coverslip with avoiding air bubbles?

Answer 68

using a pipette place a drop of water on the specimen, carefully lower the cover slip into place

Question 69

what is a metabolism?

Answer 69

get and use energy in order to carry out life functions

Question 70

what is heredity?

Answer 70

passing on traits to offspring

Question 71

what is interdependence?

Answer 71

organisms rely on each other to survive