unit 3

Question 1

prokaryotic cell characteristics

Answer 1

small and less complex, no nucleus, no MBOs, ex: bacteria and archaea

Question 2

eukaryotic cell characteristics

Answer 2

big and more complex, has MBOs, has nucleus, ex: plants, animals, fungi, protista

Question 3

what do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells both have

Answer 3

DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and cell membranes

Question 4

cell membrane

Answer 4

boundary of the cell, controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

jelly-like fluid present between the nucleus and plasma membrane

Question 6

cytoskeleton

Answer 6

helps maintain the cell’s shape

Question 7

nucleus

Answer 7

contains DNA

Question 8

nucleolus

Answer 8

ball-like mass of fibers located in the nucleus that makes ribosomes

Question 9

ribosomes

Answer 9

protein synthesis

Question 10

rough ER

Answer 10

protein synthesis, called rough because it is studded with ribosomes

Question 11

smooth ER

Answer 11

lipid synthesis

Question 12

golgi apparatus

Answer 12

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Question 13

centrioles

Answer 13

help organize cell divisions

Question 14

mitochondria

Answer 14

produce energy (ATP)

Question 15

chloroplast

Answer 15

photosynthesis

Question 16

cell wall

Answer 16

protects the cell and helps maintain it’s shape

Question 17

differences between animal and plant cells

Answer 17

plant cells have centrioles, chloroplast, cell wall, and vacuole sites

Question 18

diffusion

Answer 18

movement of particles from higher to lower concentration

Question 19

passive transport

Answer 19

high to low, no energy

Question 20

active transport

Answer 20

molecules move against the concentration gradient, need energy

Question 21

channel protein

Answer 21

create openings in the cell membrane to allowed specific molecules to pass through, helps in simple diffusion (passive transport)

Question 22

carrier protein

Answer 22

allow specific molecules to move across the cell membrane, helps in facilitated diffusion (passive transport)

Question 23

osmosis

Answer 23

the diffusion of water

Question 24

hypotonic solution

Answer 24

outside<inside, water moves into cell and expands

Question 25

isotonic solution

Answer 25

outside=inside, cell remains constant

Question 26

hypertonic solution

Answer 26

outside

Question 27

endocytosis

Answer 27

form vacuoles, involves the uptake of substances into the cell

Question 28

exocytosis

Answer 28

released vacuoles, involves the release of substances from the cell

Question 29

facilitated diffusion

Answer 29

high to low concentration, with protein

Question 30

simple diffusion

Answer 30

high to low concentration, no protein

Question 31

fluid mosaic model

Answer 31

phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, carbohydrates, proteins

Question 32

carbohydrates role in cell membrane

Answer 32

helps identify signals

Question 33

proteins role in cell membrane

Answer 33

transport, receptor, etc.

Question 34

cholesterol in cell membrane

Answer 34

maintain fluidity

Question 35

phospholipid head

Answer 35

polar, hydrophilic

Question 36

phospholipid tail

Answer 36

non-polar, hydrophobic

Question 36

plant cells

Answer 36

rectangular, have chloroplasts, large central vacuole, cell wall, and no centrioles

Question 37

animal cells

Answer 37

round, have many small vacuoles, centrioles, no chloroplasts or cell wall

Question 38

plasma membrane

Answer 38

has selective permeability, allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out

Question 39

plasma mebrane boundary

Answer 39

thin and flexible, located between a cell and its environment

Question 40

benefits of the plasma membranes phospholipids

Answer 40

phospohlipid bilayer (two layers) helps it exist in a watery environment

Question 41

polar heads are facing

Answer 41

outside and cytoplasm

Question 42

nonpolar tails are facing

Answer 42

inside the cell membrane

Question 43

what does plasma membrane contain

Answer 43

phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 44

endocytosis

Answer 44

taking in external materials to form a vacuole

Question 45

what are the parts of the cell theory?

Answer 45

all organisms are made of cells, all existing cells are produced by other living cells, the cell is the most basic unit of life

Question 46

who was the first to observe living microorganisms through a microscope?

Answer 46

leeuwenhoek

Question 47

who observed cork and named cells?

Answer 47

hooke

Question 48

who studied plant cells?

Answer 48

schleiden

Question 49

who studied animal cells?

Answer 49

schwann

Question 50

who concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells?

Answer 50

virchow

Question 51

what is binary fission?

Answer 51

asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies

Question 52

what is pinocytosis?

Answer 52

energy consuming process where solutes and fluids are taken up into a cell

Question 53

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 53

surrounding and destroying bacteria and removing dead cells