unit 7

Question 1

darwins theory

Answer 1

individuals show variation, variations are heritable, more offspring are born than can survive, variations that increase the reproductive success will be more common

Question 2

charles darwin

Answer 2

known for his contribution to the science of evolution

Question 3

artificial selection

Answer 3

people decide what traits they want an organism to have to create favorable offspring

Question 4

natural selection

Answer 4

some competitors would be better equipped for survival than others, those less equipped would die

Question 5

camouflage

Answer 5

adaption that allows an organism to blend in to its surroundings

Question 6

mimicry

Answer 6

morphological adaptation where a species evolves to resemble another species

Question 7

fossil record

Answer 7

help us understand evolution since they are a record of species that lived long ago

Question 8

derived traits

Answer 8

newly evolved features that do not appear in common ancestors

Question 9

ancestral traits

Answer 9

shared by species and common ancestors

Question 10

vestigial structures

Answer 10

features that are the reduced forms of functional structures in other organisms, ex: appendix or wings of flightless birds

Question 11

analogous structurer

Answer 11

have the similar function but differ in anatomy

Question 12

what are the three domains?

Answer 12

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 13

what are the six kingdoms?

Answer 13

eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

Question 14

what is domain bacteria?

Answer 14

the kingdom is eubacteria, prokaryotes, most are heterotrophs, cell walls contain peptidoglycan

Question 15

what is domain archaea?

Answer 15

the kingdom is archaebacteria, most are heterotrophs, more ancient than eubacteria, lack peptidoglycan in cell walls

Question 16

what is domain eukarya?

Answer 16

all eukaryotes have nucleus and MBOs, contain the kingdoms protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia

Question 17

what is the kingdom protista?

Answer 17

protists are eukaryotic, can be plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like

Question 18

what is the kingdom fungi?

Answer 18

eukaryote, heterotroph, lacks mobility, cell walls contain chitin, have hyphae for feeding and growth

Question 19

what is the kingdom plantae?

Answer 19

cell walls composed of cellulose, many possess chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 20

what is the kingdom animalia?

Answer 20

all are heterotrophs, multicellular eukaryotes, cells organized into tissues and organs

Question 21

what is a virus?

Answer 21

nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coast, not considered living, not in the biological classification system

Question 22

what is speciation?

Answer 22

the formation of a new species from a pre-existing species

Question 23

classification

Answer 23

grouping of objects or organisms based on a set of criteria

Question 24

what did aristotle accomplish?

Answer 24

developed the first widely accepted classification system

Question 25

what was aristotle's system?

Answer 25

organisms were plants or animals, divide animals into red blooded and bloodless, divided them based on habitat, average size, and structure

Question 26

what was linnaeus's system?

Answer 26

was based on observations of morphology and habitat, named organisms with binomial nomenclature ex: panthera tigris means tiger

Question 27

what are taxonomic categories?

Answer 27

divided organisms into smaller groups based on more specific criteria, arranged from broadest to most specific

Question 28

what is a taxon?

Answer 28

a named group of organisms

Question 29

what is a genus?

Answer 29

a group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor

Question 30

what is an order?

Answer 30

related families

Question 31

what is a class?

Answer 31

related orders

Question 32

what is a phylum?

Answer 32

related classes

Question 33

what is a kingdom?

Answer 33

related phyla

Question 34

what is a domain?

Answer 34

the broadest taxon and contains one or more kingdoms

Question 35

what is phylogeny?

Answer 35

the evolutionary history of a species

Question 36

what are cladistics?

Answer 36

classifying organisms according to the order that they diverged from a common ancestor

Question 37

what is a cladogram?

Answer 37

a branching diagram that represents the evolutionary history of a species or group

Question 38

what are roots?

Answer 38

the initial ancestors common to all organisms

Question 39

what is a node?

Answer 39

correspond to a hypothetical common ancestor that give rise to two or more

Question 40

what is a clade?

Answer 40

common ancestor and all of its descendants

Question 41

what is an outgroup?

Answer 41

the most distantly related species in the cladogram?

Question 42

what did francesco redi accomplish?

Answer 42

in 1668 he showed that flies and maggots did not arise spontaneously from rotting meat

Question 43

what is spontaneous generation?

Answer 43

the idea that life arises from nonlife

Question 44

what is the germ theory?

Answer 44

certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms

Question 45

prediction about how the first life-form appeared

Answer 45

simple organic molecules ---> macromolecules ---> protocells ---> prokaryotes ---> photosynthesizing prokaryotes ---> eukaryotes

Question 46

what was the miller-urey experiment?

Answer 46

believed that life could have formed by nothing more than simple chemical reactions