Unit 1 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
What are Reference Maps?
A
Used to reference general information about places.
2
Q
What do Political maps show?
A
Show and label human-created boundaries and designations like countries, states, cities, and capitals.
3
Q
What do Physical maps display?
A
Show and label natural features like mountains, rivers, and deserts.
4
Q
What is the purpose of Road maps?
A
Show and label highways, streets, alleys.
5
Q
What do Plat maps illustrate?
A
Show and label property lines and details of land ownership.
6
Q
What are Thematic Maps?
A
Show data on a spatial level, centered around one theme.
7
Q
What is a Choropleth map?
A
Uses various colors, shades, or patterns to show location and distribution of data.
8
Q
What do Dot distribution maps represent?
A
Show specific location and distribution of something across a map, with each symbol representing a specified quantity.
9
Q
How do Graduated (or Proportional) symbol maps work?
A
Use symbols of different sizes to indicate different quantities to easily compare data.
10
Q
What are Isoline maps used for?
A
Use lines that connect points of equal value to show variation of data.
11
Q
What do Topographic maps connect?
A
Points of equal elevation. Type of isoline map.
12
Q
What is a Cartogram?
A
Manipulates size of landmasses to visually represent statistics.
13
Q
What does a Flowline map show?
A
Shows movement of people, goods, and ideas between places with arrows.
14
Q
What is Scale in mapping?
A
A ratio between size of things on the map and size of things in real life.
15
Q
What does Cartographic scale refer to?
A
The way a map communicates the ratio of its size and the size of what it represents.
16
Q
What is a Written Scale?
A
Scale represented with words, like “1 inch equals 10 miles”.
17
Q
What is a Ratio Scale?
A
Scale represented with ratios, like 1/200,000 or 1:200,000.
18
Q
What is a Graphic Scale?
A
Scale represented visually, drawn on the map
19
Q
What are Small-scale maps?
A
Show a larger amount of area with less detail.
20
Q
What are Large-scale maps?
A
Show a smaller amount of area with more detail.
21
Q
What is Absolute location?
A
Precise location of where something is according to a system.
22
Q
What is Latitude?
A
Distance north or south of the equator. (North pole is 90°/90°N)
23
Q
What is Longitude?
A
Distance east or west of the prime meridian (Greenwich, England. 180°E/180°W)
24
Q
What is Relative location?
A
Description of where something is in relation to other things.
25
What is the difference between Connectivity and Accessibility?
Connectivity refers to how well locations are tied together, while Accessibility refers to how easily people can interact.
26
What is Absolute distance?
Distance measured in specific units.
27
What is Relative distance?
Distance described in terms of time or money consumed.
28
What is Elevation?
Distance of features above sea level.
29
What does Pattern Distribution refer to?
General arrangements of things in the distribution of phenomena across space.
30
What does Clustered/agglomerated distribution mean?
Arranged in a group or concentrated area.
31
What does Linear distribution refer to?
Arranged in a straight line.
32
What is Circular distribution?
Equally spaced from a central point forming a circle.
33
What is Geometric distribution?
Regular arrangement like squares or blocks formed by roads.
34
What is Random distribution?
Arranged without any order.
35
What are Projections in mapping?
Methods used to represent the 3D world on a 2D surface, which inevitably distorts some aspects.
36
What does the Mercator projection primarily assist with?
Navigation, as directions are shown accurately, and lines of latitude and longitude meet at right angles. However, land masses near the poles appear lager.
37
What is unique about the Gall-Peters projection?
Sizes of land masses are accurate (equal-area), but shapes are inaccurate.
38
What is the Conic projection best used for?
General use in midlatitude countries. Size and shape are both close to reality, but direction is not constant as longitude lines only converge at 1 point and latitude lines are curved.
39
What is the Robinson projection known for?
No major distortion and appears more like a globe.
40
What is the Goode Homolosine projection used for?
Travelling and showing true size and shape of landmasses. However, direction with distance and directions, longitude and latitude point in different directions all over the map, interrupted map.
41
What does the Fuller projection show?
True size and shape of landmasses but lacks cardinal directions. Interrupted map.
42
What is the Equal-Area projection?
Shows true size of landmasses with the same proportional relationship. However, distorts shape.
43
What is Landscape Analysis?
Defining and describing landscapes.
44
What is Field observation?
Physically visiting a location and recording firsthand information.
45
What is Remote sensing?
Gathers information from satellites that orbit Earth.
46
What is Aerial photography?
Professional images taken from planes within the atmosphere.
47
What is Geospatial data?
All information that can be tied to a specific place. Location of things, human activities and traits of a specific region. Can be collected through fieldwork, government policy documents, media outlets, etc.
48
What are Revisualizations?
Large quantities of geospatial data turned into interactive maps.
49
What is GPS?
Uses satellite locations to determine and record the receiver’s exact location.
50
What does Remote Sensing technology do?
Collects digital images/videos of the earth’s surface.
51
What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)?
Computer system that can store, analyze, and display multiple digital maps or geospatial data sets.
52
What are Location-aware apps used for?
Gather, store, and use locational data from devices.
53
What is Spatial approach?
Focuses on location, distance, direction, flow, pattern, and interconnection.
54
What is Space in geography?
Area between two or more phenomena.
55
What is Place in geography?
Specific human and physical characteristics of a location. 2 ways to refer to a place is Site and Situation.
56
What is the difference between Site and Situation?
Site refers to characteristics at the immediate location, while Situation is the location relative to surroundings/connectivity to other places.
57
What is Sense of Place?
How people perceive characteristics of places based on personal beliefs.
58
What does Placelessness refer to?
A place inspires no strong emotional ties in people.
59
What are Toponyms?
Place names that can reveal insights on geography, history, or culture.
60
What is a Region in geography?
Group of places in the same area that share a characteristic.
61
What is Time-space compression?
The phenomenon of shrinking 'time-distance' between locations due to improved transportation and communication.
62
What is Friction of distance?
When things are farther apart, they tend to be less connected.
63
What is Distance decay?
Inverse relationship between distance and connection.
64
What is Spatial association?
Matching patterns of distribution that indicate phenomena may be related.
65
What is Human-environmental interaction?
The connection and exchange between humans and nature.
66
What are Natural resources?
Items that occur in the natural environment that are useful or beneficial to people.
67
What are Renewable natural resources?
Theoretically unlimited resources that will not be depleted by people.
68
What are Non-renewable natural resources?
Limited resources that can be exhausted by human uses.
69
What is Sustainability?
Use of resources in ways that save some for future usage and minimize negative environmental impacts.
70
What does Land use refer to?
How land is utilized, modified, and organized by people.
71
What is the Built environment?
Physical artifacts created by humans that form part of the landscape.
72
What is a cultural landscape?
A geographic area associated with a specific culture, people, or historic event.
## Footnote
Anything built by people is part of this and falls under land use.
73
What is Cultural Ecology?
Study of how humans adapt to the environment.
74
What is environmental determinism?
The belief that landforms and climate are the most powerful forces in shaping human behavior and societal development.
## Footnote
Criticized for overstating the role of environment and ignoring cultural influences.
75
What is possibilism?
The belief that humans have more power and influence over their circumstances than the environment.
## Footnote
Acknowledges limits of the natural environment and emphasizes cultural responses.
76
Give an example of a country that has adapted to environmental challenges.
Netherlands, with a water management system that includes dykes and canals to reclaim low-lying land.
## Footnote
This adaptation has allowed the land to remain suitable for settlement and agriculture.
77
Define geographic scale.
Refers to the area of the world being studied.
78
What is aggregation in geography?
When geographers organize data into different scales for easier mapping or analysis.
## Footnote
For example, data can be aggregated by census tract, city, or country.
79
What does generalization mean in geographic analysis?
Summarizing specifics into a well-rounded number that is easy to interpret at smaller map scales.
80
What are formal regions?
Regions united by one or more traits such as political, physical, cultural, or economic characteristics.
## Footnote
Examples include the Sahara Desert (physical) and the US (political).
81
What are functional regions?
Regions organized around a focal point, defined by an activity or interaction.
## Footnote
Examples include pizza delivery areas and states defined by government regulations.
82
What are perceptual regions?
Regions defined by informal sense of place ascribed by people, with variable boundaries.
## Footnote
Examples include the Middle East and Upstate New York.
83
What are the seven continents?
North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, Antarctica.
84
What is an example of a subregion based on culture?
Central America, influenced by Spain and Portugal.
85
What challenges do geographers face in defining regions?
Boundaries can change depending on the person defining them and the scale of analysis used.
## Footnote
Overlapping boundaries can lead to tensions or disagreements.
86
True or False: Regions create sharp boundaries.
False.
87
What is the perception of distance, what does it reflect and how does it vary?
It reflects context, including location, culture, and time period.
## Footnote
For instance, personal proximity can feel different compared to geographical distances between countries.
88
What is the importance of forming accurate conclusions in geography?
Multiple conclusions can be drawn from one dataset, and accuracy is crucial to avoid false generalizations.
89
What is a nodal region?
A functional region organized around a central point or node defined by a specific activity.
## Footnote
Examples include airports and their connected locations.
90
All data has limitations. Describe a limitation that interview may have.
Interview data may be from only a small percentage of the population, exclude some groups, and therefore cannot represent all of the views in a community.
91
What is False Conclusions?
Inaccurate generalizations that are not supported by data or logical reasoning.
92
What are the different scale of analysis?
Global, World Regional, National, National Regional, Local
93
What is Flow?
Pattern and movement of ideas, people, products, and other phenomena
94
Connections can be physical or through information. Give examples of either.
Physical: through roads
Information: through radio, internet, social media, etc.
