Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pysch 101 > Unit 1-3 > Flashcards

Unit 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

is pysch old or young

A

young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where was pysch born

A

western europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

did the 2 branches develop separatly or together

A

separatly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

explain the scientific side

A

studys human mind + behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

who are key sci side players

A

Wundt (german) and James (USA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explain clinical side

A

apply knowledge in healthcare settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who is key for clinical side

A

Freud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what has happened to the 2 sides in modern day pysch

A

they have been merged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is pyshc

A

the study of the mind + behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is clinical now?

A

a subarea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some subareas of pysch

A

brain imaging, exp approaches to understand memory, ect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is psuedoscience

A

claims we believe are based in sci but are inconsistent with the scientific method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pop pysch

A

oversimplified at best, based on out of date reserach, invalid reserach, misinterprested data/obserivations and unproven propositions at worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is pysch common sense?

A

NO. critical thinking is very important. pysch often shows us that our intuition is WRONG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 3 steps for critical thinking?

A

1)Ask what sci evidence supports the claim
2) ask if the topichas been empirically studied (observation and theory&raquo_space; belief and theory)
3)is this opinion, facts or unbiased research?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 6 steps of the sci method?

A

1) choose theory of focus
2) state hypothesis
3) test with research method
4) analyze data
5) report results
6) embark on further inquiry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a theory

A

A bunch of ideas about what people do and why ex: Sleep deprivation hurts creative performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a hypothesis

A

a prediction of what will happen if x,y,z based on a thoery ex: if these people only get 2 hours of sleep, they will produce a worse song than people who got 8 hours of sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what makes a bad theory

A

when you can’t form a hypothesis that would let us prove it
ex: it is possible for humans to randomly fly at will (any - conclusion could be refuted by saying we didn’t wait long enough)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is operationalizatoin?

A

turning a variable into a measurable and quantifiable form ex: we will measure creativity via ability to write a good song (this is bad operalization)
or, good sleep = 8 hrs and bad sleep = 3hrs (this is better)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is replication and why is it important and why does it not always hapen

A

replication is when other people or you can redo a study to get the same results. It shows that your study is good.

it might not happen bc
-you got a false + (statistically significant but doesn’t represent a real effect)
-this could be bc you had questionable research practices OR differences in geopgraphy, materials, procedure or sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are examples of bad science

A

-small sample sizes
-HARKing (hypothesizng after knowing result)
-phacking (playing with data to get pvalue under 0.05)
-undereporting non-significant effects (makes evidence look stronger than it is)

(SUPH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why is HARKing bad

A

is misleads abt evidence strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are examples of good scinece

A

Open science: share data, materials, analysis plans and published articles so others can collab, use, verify and learn abt the results

Pre registration: show hypothesis, ehtods and planned analysis known to public B4 study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

why is preregistration good?

A

shows that findings aren’t due to HARKIng or phacking
stats analysis before hand lets you figure out how large the sample should be to dectect a true effect if it exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how can sleep help animals

A

learn + remember
-strengthens neural connections
-erases connections that aren’t commonly used

27
Q

recommended insomia cure

A

try diff things (diff things work for diff ppl) to improve sleep hygiene

28
Q

what is insomnia and how common is it

A

difficulty staying to getting to sleep
10% of adults, 27% of students

29
Q

what is sleep “apnea”

A

apnea = breathlessness
sleep apnea is when you stop breathing for long periods when you sleep so your brain has to keep waking you up to return oxygen

30
Q

what is narcolepsy

A

sleep attacks while away. sometiems comes with cataplexy, when you suddenly loose muscle control when awake usually due to a harmless trigger like sudden laughter

31
Q

what is RBD

A

REM behaviour disorder. When instead of sleep signals being blocked from the motor cortex in REM, you act out your dreams.
May include night terrors (intense fear responses while you sleep)

32
Q

What are the 2 main sleep functions

A

-build, repair, restore
-learning and memory

33
Q

how does sleep help us “build, repair,restore?”

A

-childhood growth
-heal from illness/injury (INC immune cell count)
-distribute nutrients
-DEC waste
-replenish energy stores + let neurons rest and reset

34
Q

how does sleep help us learn and remember

A

protects newly formed memories
we see changes in brain activity associated with period of intense sleep

35
Q

what kind of sleep to dolphins have and why

A

unihemispheric
if fully asleep they can’t
-breath
-prepare for predatory attack

36
Q

what did we OG think was the reason for sleep

A

keep us togetehr and out of trouble during nightitme while we save energy

(not belived bc many animals risk predators by sleeeping)

37
Q

what are the main types of sleep and how many types are there

A

REM
Non-REM (3/4 types)

38
Q

what happens if not enough sleep

A

bad emotional and cognitive function and health

39
Q

what do we need to do to data to report our findings?

A

QUANTIFY IT!!!

40
Q

how does stats help us

A

lets us summarize and analyze how participants responded -this lets us test our hypothesis

41
Q

what are the 2 main ways of using stats

A

-Descriptive stats (summarize differences in responses)
-effect size (magnitude of relationship between 2 variables)

42
Q

what are the types of descriptive stats

A

Frequecny distribution
Central tendency (mode, mean, median)
Varibalilty (range + sd)

43
Q

what is p

A

like a probability
under 5% means its porbably significant

44
Q

how does p result in publication bias

A

its harder to publish studies with no significant results even though this information is still important to know

45
Q

what is standard deviation

A

the average distance to the mean.
How many exceptions there are

46
Q

can we use effect size with every study type?

A

NO its only for experimetns and correlational studies

47
Q

what are the ways of measuring effect size

A

scatterplots (show direction and strength)
compare averages of the two groups (look at the differnces of means + sd do get an idea of how this difference relates to the sd)

48
Q

how do we calculate r and what does it mean

A

use mean and sd to get absolute value. its the correlation coefficient (50 + is strong, 0.3 is mid, 0.1 is weak )

49
Q

how is effect size (r) affects for the same mean as s (standard devication) INC

A

it DEC

50
Q

what are the 3 types of research methods

A

Descriptive, correlatinal and experimental

51
Q

what are the pros of each research method

A

D: can do many varibles at a time and helps you develop theories
C: can do many variables at a time and give relationship info
E: can show cause and effect of a relationship

52
Q

what are the cons of each method

A

D: doesn’t tell us who is more likey to do smth and under what circumstances (no relationships)
C: can’t say cause
E: only 2 variables at a time +not all variables can be manipulated ex: gender

53
Q

what is random sampling

A

when all members of a pop. have an equal chance of being selected

54
Q

what form are self-report studies often using

A

surveys

55
Q

what is an example of descriptive research

A

average hours spend by uni students listening to pop music, average height of moms, ect.

56
Q

what is the 3rd varible problem

A

when are correlation is explained by a secret third variable

57
Q

can one correlation study rule out all possible 3rd variable porblems?

A

NO

58
Q

what are the criteria for causation

A

1) correlation exists
2)we know for sure which variable comes first
3) there are no reasonable alternative explainations for the pattern

59
Q

indpendent vs dependent variable

A

idnependent: causal, is manipulated and have at least 2 levels
dependet: 1 or more effect variables

60
Q

what is random assignment

A

randomly assingned ppl to reaserch groups. essential for eliminating bias

61
Q

what is the experimental group

A

group that we expect to experience the affect

62
Q

what is the control group

A

group with no condition. we expect no effect

63
Q

what is a double blind procedure

A

participants and researchser don’t know who has what conditoin

Pysch 101 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions