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Pysch 101 > Unit 1-3 Alt > Flashcards

Unit 1-3 Alt Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the 3 types of validity

A

ContructL how well did we operationalize
External: how well did we sample
Internal: how well did rule out other explanations

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2
Q

what is a confound

A

when experimental groups accidentlaly differ in smth other than the idependent variable

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3
Q

which type of validation is most important for experiments

A

internal

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4
Q

which type of validation is most important for descriptive studies

A

external

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5
Q

which type of validation is ALWAYS super important

A

contruct

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6
Q

explain the purpose of opiate receptors and how heroin hijakcs them

A

meant for endorphins
heroin has INC effect so you take it again
eventually you get opidoid tolerance - you need it to feel norma
in addicted brain lack = withdrawl, which is severe
leads to overodose (potential fatal dosage)
naloxone is an antagonist thus blocks the full effects

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7
Q

what do glial cells do

A

cellular glue + scfoolding to guide neurons to the right location, nourish, clena

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8
Q

where are electrical signals sent

A

between PNS and CNS

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9
Q

what is neurotransmission

A

when electrical signals made by APs are converted to neurotransmitters

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10
Q

what is a lesion

A

abnormal tissue from trauma or disease

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11
Q

what is wernicks’ area

A

region of neocortex near auditory cortex that supports language COMPREHENSION

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12
Q

what is broca’s area

A

region of neocortex near the motor cortex that controls SPEECH PRODUCTION

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13
Q

what is neurophysicoloyg

A

learning abt the brain by looking at altered function due to damage

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14
Q

what is phrenology

A

pesudoscinece claming skull bump sizes can help us determine personality or mental function

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15
Q

what is bias blind spot

A

not only is our intuition bad, but we tend to assume that it is right

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16
Q

what is the scientific method in pysch

A

systematically collecting and averaging objecive evidence across many ppl

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17
Q

what is the theory-data cycle

A

develop theory, collect data, compare to theory, repeat if confirms develop new theory if not .

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18
Q

which research method do we use to build support for our theories?

A

ALL of them COMBINED

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19
Q

what is peer review

A

other experts in your field find pros and cons of what you did to ensure it is importnat, innovative and well-conductive

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20
Q

what is a variable

A

smth with at least 2 values (a measurable form of a construct [an abstract concept ex: happiness])

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21
Q

what are measured vs manipulated variables

A

measured: in all studies - observed and recorded
manipulatied: only in experiments - controlled by researcher who gives diff levels to diff groups

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22
Q

what are primary sensory areas?

A

the first parts of the brain to get info from their respective sensory nerves (the brain has a region for each of the 5 sense)

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23
Q

what are association areas

A

integrate info from diff sensory areas and relates to existing knowledge to get a meanignful idea of the world. seems to be the key to higher thinking

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24
Q

where are association areas

A

in every lobe

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25
what is contralateral organization
left side controlled by right side of brain and vise versa. not noticable bc of quick corpus callosum communicatoin
26
27
what is corpus callosum
"tough body" it connects the sides for quick coms
28
what are 3 ways we learn abt the brain
fMRI MRI post-mortem biopsies
29
what is MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging -strong mag field around person makes H bonds act up so we get a stack of brain cross section images
30
what is fMRI
same but now we can see what parts have oxygen rich blood and what parts have less oxygenated blood
31
what are nerves
collection of neurons
32
what is nervous system
network of neurons thorughout the body and brain
33
how do we divide the nervous system
CNS (brain and spinal cord) and PNS (somatic and autonomic [sympatheic and parasympathetic])
34
what does the CNS do
lets us transfer info between the brain and body via electric signals. brain is like a supercomputer
35
what is the spinal cord
a bundle of nerves that signals between the body and the brain
36
what does the somatic system do
voluntary movement from CNS to muscolskeletal system + sensory info to CNS
37
what does the autonomic system do
non-voluntary movement inside the body
38
what does the sympathetic system do
prep for action ex: fight or flight, taking a test, giving a speech
39
what does the parasympatheic system do?
return to rest ex: rest, and digest, watch Tv, hang with friends
40
what are the 3 neuron types
motor: brain to muscle (downwards path) sensory: sensory organ to CNs (upwards path) inter: between neurons. retrieve, interpret and store info abt the world to make decisions
41
what are the 3 parts we see in the brain during early womb development
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
42
what is the neocortex
wrinkly part of the brain that is most of the cerebral cortex. it develops late adlolescent/early adult hood
43
what is the cerebral cortex
the largest and most outer part of the brain
44
waht does the insular lobe do
mouth feels, taste, internal organs perception
45
what does the temporal lobe do
hearing sound and understanding language + object recognition Includes auditory cortex
46
what does the occipital lobe do
most of vision. it interprets light so we need it to see. Includes visual cortex
47
what does the parietal lobe do
touch interpretation + focusing on objects to support vision. includes somatosensory cortex
48
what does the frontal lobe do
movement (has motor cortex) + interacting with surroundings + higher cognitinon (planning, organizatoin, self-control, learning, decison makong, focusing,ect.)
49
what expands during adult plasticity periods
the areas that control certain functions
50
what is damage plasticity
brain mods after an injury via brain reorganization
51
what is phantaom limb syndrom
brian thinks limb still there- causes pain - brain needs to reorganize - can be helped with mirror therapy
52
what are critical periods
periods in eraly life when specifc experiences are needed for normal development of specifc characteristics ex: language
53
what is neuroplasticity
brains ability to modifty, regen and reinvent itself over its life
54
what kills neurons
-excess alchol -shaking to hit to head -disease (alzehimener, parkinisons , huntingtons, ect.)
55
what is adult plasticity
when we grow neruons due to learnign and memory
56
what is neurogenesis
formation of new neurons in adulthhood
57
what can cause neurogeneiss
exercise, learning skills/lagnuages, maybe some chemicals post-stroke
58
give and example of low and high heritabilty
low: taste in colours high: hair colour
59
what may be due to environmental impact on gene experession
health variation amongst socio-economic classses
60
explain dissociation and double dissociation
dissociation: tells us what controls one thing but not another thing double: two disscoiations which leave no gaps in knowledge
61
what is behavioural genetics
study of how genetic factors influence trait variation among indiivduals
62
genotype vs alle vs phenotyp
genotype: genetic experession/gene set alllel: variant form of a gene. we have 2 for each gene phentotype: observable traits due to genes + enviorment
63
what is gene experession
turning off genes in particular cells. this determine how they function ex: himilayna rabbits growing up in cold have brown spots, warm climate has none
64
what is heredity
individaul traits passing down
65
what is heritability
amount of genetic influence there is on the variance of a trait in a large group

Pysch 101 (8 decks)

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