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Biology 1 > Unit 1-Biochem Review > Flashcards

Unit 1-Biochem Review Flashcards

1
Q

Main Monomer of Carbohydrate

A

Glucose

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2
Q

Function of glucose

A

Primary energy source for cells (blood sugar)

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3
Q

Main function of Carbohydrates

A

Main energy source for life

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4
Q

Carbohydrates are commonly known as:

A

Sugars and Starches

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5
Q

fruit,milk,candy

A

Sugar

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6
Q

Pasta, bread, cereal, rice, corn, potato

A

Starch

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7
Q

fruit sugar

A

fructose

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8
Q

table surgar

A

sucrose

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9
Q

milk sugar

A

Lactose

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10
Q

Glucose is used to make what polymers (polysaccharides)

A

Glycogen, Cellulose, Starch

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11
Q

Long branching chains of glucose used for energy storage in animal liver and muscle

A

glycogen

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12
Q

Long chains of glucose used for energy storage in plants

A

Starch

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13
Q

Compact chains of glucose used for cell walls in plants, source of our dietary fiber, paper and wood

A

Cellulose

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14
Q

Commonly known as fats, waxes, oils

A

Lipids

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15
Q

2 Main functions of lipids

A

-insulates body and protects organs
-long term energy storage

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16
Q

Monomers of Lipids

A

glycerol, three fatty acids

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17
Q

Polymers of lipids (triglycerides)

A

Saturated fats, Unsaturated fats

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18
Q

Saturated fats

A

-Solid at room temperature
-Found mostly in animals
-no double bonds between carbon
-Animal fat, wax, shortening, butter

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19
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

-Liquid at room temperature
-Mostly found in plants
-Double bonds between carbons
-vegetable oils, fish oils, nuts

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20
Q

Hormones like cholesterol are

A

Lipids

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21
Q

main components of cell membranes

A

phospholipids & cholesterol

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22
Q

Protein groups

A

Structural Proteins & Enzymes

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23
Q

Monomer of protein

A

Amino Acids, there are 20 different ones

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24
Q

Order of Amino Acids determines

A

the shape: and the shape determines the function

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25
Q

Meat, chicken, fish, eggs, beans, nuts

A

Protein

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26
Q

Polymers of Protein (polypeptides)

A

Structural Proteins & Enzymes

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27
Q

Found in hair, cartilage, feathers, tendons, etc.

A

Structural Proteins

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28
Q

Enzymes

A

-work as a catalyst
-Breaks or builds substrate

29
Q

Groups of Nucleic Acids

A

DNA & RNA

30
Q

Where are nucleic acids found?

A

Nucellus of the cell

31
Q

Monomers of Nucleic Acid

A

4 different nucleotides

32
Q

Parts of nucleotide

A

Phosphate group, Sugar, Nitrogen Base

33
Q

Polymers of Nucleic Acid

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) & Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

34
Q

DNA

A

shape: double helix, two strands of nucleotides twisted
function: stores genetic information for organism

35
Q

RNA

A

shape: single strand of nucleotides
function: carries out instructions found in DNA

36
Q

Carbohydrate

A

CH_2O

37
Q

Lipid

A

CHO (few O)
-phospholipids also have phosphorus (P)

38
Q

Protein

A

CHON
-sometime sulfur

39
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

CHONP

40
Q

Three types of bonds from strongest to weakest

A

ionic, covalent, hydrogen

41
Q

When a bond is broken energy is

A

Released

42
Q

When a bond is formed energy is

A

Absorbed

43
Q

Bond where electrons are shared between atoms

A

Covalent bond

44
Q

most abundant compound in living things

A

water

45
Q

Is water organic

A

No, doesn’t have carbon

46
Q

How do you tell if something is organic

A

If it has the elements C and H

47
Q

Solute

A

What dissolves a solvent

48
Q

Solvent

A

What’s being dissolved

49
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

A type of reaction that produces water after combine the reactants

50
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breakdown of a substance, reacting with water

51
Q

Where do the reactants bind to the enzyme

A

Active site

52
Q

If requirements (temp, pH) are not met an enzyme will ______

A

Denature

53
Q

Is an enzyme permanently denatured by temperature change

A

Yes

54
Q

Is an enzyme permanently denatured by pH change

A

No

55
Q

Do enzymes break down or combine molecules

A

Both

56
Q

What monomer makes up enzymes

A

Amino Acids

57
Q

What do enzymes do to activation energy

A

They reduce the activation energy needed for a reaction

58
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable you are changing

59
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The effect of the variable you are changing

60
Q

Buffers

A

pH neutral solutions that contain both acidic and basic solutions, so they are not as heavily affected by change.

61
Q

As pH gets lower there are more ________

A

hydrogen ions (H+)

62
Q

As pH gets higher there are more _________

A

hydroxide ions (OH-)

63
Q

A diet low in carbs will cause…

A

Lethargy, low short term energy

64
Q

A diet low in proteins will cause…

A

Loss of muscle mass, slower metabolism

65
Q

A diet low in lipids will cause…

A

Low long-term energy

66
Q

Are most Catalysts in our body organic or inorganic?

A

Organic

67
Q

What does the suffix -ase indicate about a macromolecule?

A

It’s an Enzyme

68
Q

What does the suffix -ose indicate about a macromolecule?

A

It’s a Carbohydrate

Biology 1 (9 decks)

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