Unit 1-Biochem Review

Question 1

Main Monomer of Carbohydrate

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

Function of glucose

Answer 2

Primary energy source for cells (blood sugar)

Question 3

Main function of Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Main energy source for life

Question 4

Carbohydrates are commonly known as:

Answer 4

Sugars and Starches

Question 5

fruit,milk,candy

Answer 5

Sugar

Question 6

Pasta, bread, cereal, rice, corn, potato

Answer 6

Starch

Question 7

fruit sugar

Answer 7

fructose

Question 8

table surgar

Answer 8

sucrose

Question 9

milk sugar

Answer 9

Lactose

Question 10

Glucose is used to make what polymers (polysaccharides)

Answer 10

Glycogen, Cellulose, Starch

Question 11

Long branching chains of glucose used for energy storage in animal liver and muscle

Answer 11

glycogen

Question 12

Long chains of glucose used for energy storage in plants

Answer 12

Starch

Question 13

Compact chains of glucose used for cell walls in plants, source of our dietary fiber, paper and wood

Answer 13

Cellulose

Question 14

Commonly known as fats, waxes, oils

Answer 14

Lipids

Question 15

2 Main functions of lipids

Answer 15

-insulates body and protects organs
-long term energy storage

Question 16

Monomers of Lipids

Answer 16

glycerol, three fatty acids

Question 17

Polymers of lipids (triglycerides)

Answer 17

Saturated fats, Unsaturated fats

Question 18

Saturated fats

Answer 18

-Solid at room temperature
-Found mostly in animals
-no double bonds between carbon
-Animal fat, wax, shortening, butter

Question 19

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 19

-Liquid at room temperature
-Mostly found in plants
-Double bonds between carbons
-vegetable oils, fish oils, nuts

Question 20

Hormones like cholesterol are

Answer 20

Lipids

Question 21

main components of cell membranes

Answer 21

phospholipids & cholesterol

Question 22

Protein groups

Answer 22

Structural Proteins & Enzymes

Question 23

Monomer of protein

Answer 23

Amino Acids, there are 20 different ones

Question 24

Order of Amino Acids determines

Answer 24

the shape: and the shape determines the function

Question 25

Meat, chicken, fish, eggs, beans, nuts

Answer 25

Protein

Question 26

Polymers of Protein (polypeptides)

Answer 26

Structural Proteins & Enzymes

Question 27

Found in hair, cartilage, feathers, tendons, etc.

Answer 27

Structural Proteins

Question 28

Enzymes

Answer 28

-work as a catalyst -Breaks or builds substrate

Question 29

Groups of Nucleic Acids

Answer 29

DNA & RNA

Question 30

Where are nucleic acids found?

Answer 30

Nucellus of the cell

Question 31

Monomers of Nucleic Acid

Answer 31

4 different nucleotides

Question 32

Parts of nucleotide

Answer 32

Phosphate group, Sugar, Nitrogen Base

Question 33

Polymers of Nucleic Acid

Answer 33

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) & Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 34

DNA

Answer 34

shape: double helix, two strands of nucleotides twisted function: stores genetic information for organism

Question 35

RNA

Answer 35

shape: single strand of nucleotides function: carries out instructions found in DNA

Question 36

Carbohydrate

Answer 36

CH_2O

Question 37

Lipid

Answer 37

CHO (few O) -phospholipids also have phosphorus (P)

Question 38

Protein

Answer 38

CHON -sometime sulfur

Question 39

Nucleic Acid

Answer 39

CHONP

Question 40

Three types of bonds from strongest to weakest

Answer 40

ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Question 41

When a bond is broken energy is

Answer 41

Released

Question 42

When a bond is formed energy is

Answer 42

Absorbed

Question 43

Bond where electrons are shared between atoms

Answer 43

Covalent bond

Question 44

most abundant compound in living things

Answer 44

water

Question 45

Is water organic

Answer 45

No, doesn't have carbon

Question 46

How do you tell if something is organic

Answer 46

If it has the elements C and H

Question 47

Solute

Answer 47

What dissolves a solvent

Question 48

Solvent

Answer 48

What's being dissolved

Question 49

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 49

A type of reaction that produces water after combine the reactants

Question 50

Hydrolysis

Answer 50

Breakdown of a substance, reacting with water

Question 51

Where do the reactants bind to the enzyme

Answer 51

Active site

Question 52

If requirements (temp, pH) are not met an enzyme will ______

Answer 52

Denature

Question 53

Is an enzyme permanently denatured by temperature change

Answer 53

Yes

Question 54

Is an enzyme permanently denatured by pH change

Answer 54

No

Question 55

Do enzymes break down or combine molecules

Answer 55

Both

Question 56

What monomer makes up enzymes

Answer 56

Amino Acids

Question 57

What do enzymes do to activation energy

Answer 57

They reduce the activation energy needed for a reaction

Question 58

Independent variable

Answer 58

The variable you are changing

Question 59

Dependent Variable

Answer 59

The effect of the variable you are changing

Question 60

Buffers

Answer 60

pH neutral solutions that contain both acidic and basic solutions, so they are not as heavily affected by change.

Question 61

As pH gets lower there are more ________

Answer 61

hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 62

As pH gets higher there are more _________

Answer 62

hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 63

A diet low in carbs will cause...

Answer 63

Lethargy, low short term energy

Question 64

A diet low in proteins will cause...

Answer 64

Loss of muscle mass, slower metabolism

Question 65

A diet low in lipids will cause...

Answer 65

Low long-term energy

Question 66

Are most Catalysts in our body organic or inorganic?

Answer 66

Organic

Question 67

What does the suffix -ase indicate about a macromolecule?

Answer 67

It's an Enzyme

Question 68

What does the suffix -ose indicate about a macromolecule?

Answer 68

It's a Carbohydrate