Unit 2-Cell Structure Review

Question 1

Prokaryotes are what domains of life

Answer 1

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 2

Eukaryotes are what domain of life

Answer 2

Eukarya

Question 3

Cells that are more complex and larger and usually static

Answer 3

Eukaryotic

Question 4

Cells that are smaller and less complex and usually more mobile

Answer 4

Prokaryotic

Question 5

what is a Cell

Answer 5

smallest living unit of an organism

Question 6

All cells have…

Answer 6

membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes

Question 7

3 Rules of cell theory

Answer 7

1. all organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms
3. all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 8

Cellular organization, smallest to largest

Answer 8

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 9

Are Prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 9

unicellular

Question 10

Are Eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 10

they can be either, but usually multicellular

Question 11

Do Eukaryotes have a nucleus?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Do Prokaryotes have a nucleus?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Do Prokaryotes have stranded or circular DNA?

Answer 13

Circular

Question 14

Do Eukaryotes have stranded or circular DNA?

Answer 14

Stranded

Question 15

Why are cells small?

Answer 15

1. makes it easier to maintain homeostasis
2. takes less energy to transport substances

Question 16

Only plant cells have…

Answer 16

Cell wall, large permanent vacuole, chloroplast

Question 17

What are vacuoles?

Answer 17

membrane enclosed structures that store water, salt, protein or carbs.

Question 18

Turgor Pressure

Answer 18

The force exerted by stored water pushing cytoplasm against the cell wall, happens in plants

Question 19

Vesicles

Answer 19

stores and moves materials between organelles and cell surface

Question 20

Lysomes

Answer 20

breaks down old organelles with hydrolytic acid, breaks down lipids carbs and protein to be used by the cell

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

microtubules and microfilaments (protein) that maintain the shape and assist with the movement of a cell

Question 22

What organelles synthesize protein

Answer 22

ribosomes and ER

Question 23

Ribosomes

Answer 23

produce protein by following DNA code

Question 24

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 24

modifies, sorts, packages material from ER to be stored in cell or removed

Question 25

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 25

once proteins leave ribosomes, they enter the ER and are modified

Question 26

Rough ER

Answer 26

portion associated with protein synthesis, covered in ribosomes

Question 27

Smooth ER

Answer 27

Assembly line with no ribosomes

Question 28

Explain the Steps of protein construction

Answer 28

1. proteins are assembled in ribosomes with instructions from nucleus 2. proteins and ribosomes leave the nucleus and are inserted into the ER 3. after being modified the proteins leave the ER in vesicles and go to GA 4. after being sorted they leave the GA in a vesicle and go where they need to

Question 29

Chloroplast

Answer 29

location of photosynthesis

Question 30

Mitochondria

Answer 30

converts chemical energy in food into usable compounds, contains its own DNA, like a cell within a cell

Question 31

Cell Membrane

Answer 31

regulates what goes in and out of a cell (selectively permeable), regulates homeostasis

Question 32

Selectively permeable

Answer 32

Only allows some substances to pass through

Question 33

Cell Wall

Answer 33

Not a part of animal cells, porous- allows H2O, CO2, O, and some other materials to pass through.

Question 34

Cillia

Answer 34

hairs on the outside of cells that move like tiny arms in order to move a cell

Question 35

Flagella

Answer 35

tail or whip like structure that moves a cell

Question 36

Cillia and Flagella are found in what type of cells?

Answer 36

Prokaryotic

Question 37

3 structures Eukaryotes have?

Answer 37

1. nucleus 2. membrane bound organelles 3.DNA held in nucleus

Question 38

What four kingdoms include Eukaryotes

Answer 38

Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protist

Question 39

Centriole

Answer 39

- helps with mitosis by pulling the chromosomes apart using spindles

Question 40

What is the advantage of the cell membrane being selectively permeable?

Answer 40

Small, essential molecules can freely pass through, but other things can’t simply freely enter or exit the cell

Question 41

What is the advantage of certain organelles being highly folded within?

Answer 41

Increase surface area for reactions to occur

Question 42

Explain the difference between osmosis and diffusion.

Answer 42

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 43

what happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution.

Answer 43

A cell in a hypertonic solution will shrink because it has a higher water concentration than the outside solution. Water will move out of the cell

Question 44

what happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution.

Answer 44

A cell in a hypotonic solution will swell because it has a lower water concentration than the outside solution. Water will move into the cell

Question 45

what happens to a cell placed in an isotonic solution.

Answer 45

The cell will maintain its shape

Question 46

A blood cell has the same concentration of solutes as seawater. What would happen to the blood cell if it were placed in a container of distilled (pure, which means 100%) water?

Answer 46

Water would be taken into the cell because the outside substance has a higher water concentration. This would cause the cell to swell.

Question 47

In the bloodstream, the concentration of oxygen is 80%. The concentration of carbon dioxide is 20%. In the cell, the concentration of oxygen is 15%. The concentration of carbon dioxide is 85%.

Answer 47

Oxygen from the bloodstream will move into the cell and carbon dioxide from the cell will move into the blood street.

Question 48

what part of the semipermeable membrane is hydrophilic

Answer 48

the head

Question 49

What dose hydrophilic mean

Answer 49

they like water

Question 50

what part of the phospholipid is hyrophobic

Answer 50

The nonpolar tails

Question 51

What dose hydrophobic mean

Answer 51

doesn't like water.

Question 52

Role of cholesterol in phospholipid bilayer

Answer 52

Controls how close the phospholipids get to one another. Stabilizes

Question 53

Peripheral Proteins

Answer 53

Sit on top of the bilayer

Question 54

Integral Proteins

Answer 54

go through the bilayer

Question 55

Ion channel

Answer 55

Proteins that allow ions to pass through cell membrane (passive)

Question 56

Protein pump

Answer 56

Uses energy to force substances through the cell membrane (Active)

Question 57

Aquaporin

Answer 57

Proteins that allow water to pass through the cell membrane (Passive)

Question 58

2 characteristics that determine how a substance travels across the membrane

Answer 58

Size, Polarity

Question 59

what molecules can NOT easily pass through the cell membrane

Answer 59

Ions, charged substances (polar) don't pass through the lipid bilayer

Question 60

why do cells have different membrane carbohydrates

Answer 60

So they can organize themselves and identify themselves as part of that organism.

Question 61

what substance completes facilitated diffusion

Answer 61

channel proteins

Question 62

Do negative ions or positive ions complete facilitated diffusion?

Answer 62

negative ions

Question 63

Hypertonic solution

Answer 63

Has a higher solute concentration

Question 64

Hypotonic solution

Answer 64

Has a lower solute concentration

Question 65

Isotonic Solution

Answer 65

Equal in solution

Question 66

Endocytosis

Answer 66

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.

Question 67

Exocytosis

Answer 67

a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.