Unit 6-Evolution/Classification Review

Question 1

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 1

An organism’s classification based on its genus and species name
Homo sapiens: Homo is genus and sapiens is species

Question 2

What are the classification levels of organisms?

Answer 2

Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Dumb Kids Play Carelessly On Freeways Get Squished

Question 3

What are the 6 Kingdoms?

Answer 3

Animal, Plant, Protist, Fungi, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria

Question 4

What is the difference between Eubacteria and Archeabacteria?

Answer 4

Eubacteria live in normal environments found on earth, but Archaebacteria live in extreme environments.

Question 5

Evolution

Answer 5

The process of change over time

Question 6

Species are separate when they can no longer _______ ______________.

Answer 6

sexually reproduce

Question 7

Steps of natural selection

Answer 7

1) Genetic variation (via random mutation or allele combinations)
2) Overproduction of offspring, some die
3) Competition for limited resources
4) Survival and reproduction of the fittest

Question 8

Speciesisation

Answer 8

The creation of a new species

Question 9

Hybrid

Answer 9

A mix of two species ex. liger, mule

Question 10

Steps to creation of a new species

Answer 10

1) Geographic isolation
2) Reproductive isolation

Question 11

Geographic isolation

Answer 11

A species is divided by a physical barrier

Question 12

Reproductive isolation

Answer 12

Once a species has been separated for long enough, they can no longer reproduce.

Question 13

Macroevolution

Answer 13

changes that lead to replacement of one species with another

Question 14

What are the types of natural selection

Answer 14

1) Stabilizing selection
2) Directional selection
3) Diversifying selection

Question 15

Stabilizing selection

Answer 15

bell curve gets skinnier, more of the population have that same trait

Question 16

Directional Selection

Answer 16

Bell curve shifts left or right, more of the population goes towards one extreme of that trait

Question 17

Diversifying selection

Answer 17

Bell curve goes towards each end (bimodal), population splits going towards either extreme

Question 18

Microevolution

Answer 18

Evolution of a small group of organisms over a short period of time

Question 19

Evidence of microevolution

Answer 19

Industrial melanism- white and black moths
Pesticide/antibiotic resistance- pest adapt to pesticides

Question 20

Evidence of Macroevolution

Answer 20

Fossil evidence
Comparative biochemistry-DNA

Question 21

Homologues structures

Answer 21

two similar traits, similar structure, indicate shared ancestor.
whale fin, arm, dog leg

Question 22

Analogues Structures

Answer 22

Similar traits, serve same purpose
bee wing, bat wing, bird wing

Question 23

Vestigial Structures

Answer 23

structures that have little to no function; wisdom teeth

Question 24

Comparative embryology

Answer 24

similar development suggests common ancestor

Question 25

Abiogenesis

Answer 25

the false theory that nonliving material prodcues living material

Question 26

Biogenesis

Answer 26

the true theory that life creates other life

Question 27

What did the evolution of types of organism look like?

Answer 27

1) First anaerobic heterotrophs because there was no oxygen in the atmosphere 2) the anaerobic heterotrophs produced CO2 so then there were autotrophs that used that CO2 to make food and produce O2 3) that O2 was then used by anaerobic heterotrophs

Question 28

4 ingredients on early earth

Answer 28

water vapor, amonia, hydrogen, methane

Question 29

Endosymbiosis theory

Answer 29

Some bacteria evolved to live inside other bacteria, evidence for this is in mitochondria (has own separate DNA) and chloroplast (has own separate DNA), this was the beginng of organelles

Question 30

What were the first Eukaryotes

Answer 30

Protists