Unit 1 - Chapter 8 - Skin Disorders Flashcards by Laura Garder

what are the 5 functions of the skin

protection against foreign materials
prevention against excess fluid loss
controlling body temperature
sensing
synthesizing vitamin d

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what are the 5 skin layers from innermost to outermost

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
startum granulosum
startum lucidum
stratum corneum

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expand on the stratum basale skin layer (innermost layer)

squamous epithelial cells form by mitosis
one of each pair moves up

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expand on the stratum spinosum skin layer

composed of irregular shaped cells
have cells called desmosomes that are rich in rna thar help produce keratin

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expand on the stratum granulosum skin layer

layer where keratin forms
-cells are called keratinocyes and they start to die and break down

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expand on the stratum lucidum skin layer

composed of dead keratinocyetes that are flattened

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expand on the stratum corneum skin layer

composed of flat dead cells
filled with keratin

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what is the process of keratin being formed that eventually ends up on the skin called

keratinization

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what is melanin

a pigment that decides skin colorw

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what do dark skinned people rarely develop and why

skin cancer because of their levels of high melanin

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what is albinism

recessive congenitial disorder in which the body lacks production of melanin

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what is vitiligo

small areas of hypopigmentation

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what is melasma/chloasma

patches of darkers skin on the face that may develop during pregnancy

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whats another term for accessory organs

appendages

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what are the 2 different types of sweat glands

eccrine and apocrine

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expand on eccrine sweat glands

located all over the body
secrete sweat through pores onto the skin in response to increased heat or stress

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expand on apocrine sweat glands

located in the armpit, scalp, facce and genitals
these ducts open in hair follicules

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what is below the dermis and what does it consist of

subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis
connective tissue, fat cells, macrophagues, fibroblasts, blood vessels, nerves

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what is a macule

small flat circumscribed lesion of a different color than the normal skin

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what is a papule

small, firm, elevated lesion

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what is a nodule

palpable, elevated lesion

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what is a pustule

elevated lesion containing pus

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what is a vesicle

elevated, thin walled lesion containing clear fluid (blister)

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what is a plaque

large, slightly elevated lesion with flat surface and scale

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what is a crust

dry rough surface with dried fluid or blood

what is a lichenification

a thick, dry, rough surface

what is a keloid

raised, irregular, and increasing mass of collagen resulting from excessive scar tissue formation

what is a fissure

small, deep, linear crack or tear in the skin

what is a ulcer

cavity with loss of tissue from the epidermis and dermis, often bleeding

what is an erosion

shallow, moist cavity in the epidermis

what is a comedone

mass of sebum, keratin and debris blocking the opening of a hair folicule

what can contact dermatitis be caused by

exposure to a substance like metals, cosmetics, soaps, chemicals and plants

what are signs and symptoms of contact dermatitis

itching, redness, swelling, hives

what is the treatment for contact dermatitis

removal of irritant and a topical solution

what causes hives (urticaria)

a hypersensitivity reaction to ingested substances like shellfish or nuts

what are the signs and symptoms of hives

- eruptions of raised lesions - itchiness

what is the treatment for hives

antihistamines

what is the cause of eczema (atopic dermatitis)

exposure to allergens

what are the signs and symptoms of eczema

- itchiness - res lesions with crusts - dry scaly skin - thick skin patches

what is the treatment for eczema

- elimation of allergens - topical glucocorticoids - antihistamines

what causes psoriasis

abnormal activiation of T cells and an associated increased in cytokines in affected tissues

what are the signs and symptoms of psoriasis

- red patches of skin with silver scales - dry cracked skin that may bleed - itching, burning, soreness - swollen, painfull, stiff joints

what is the treatment for psoriasis

- topical therapy - phototherapy - oral/injected medications

what is the cause of pemphigus

when autoantibodies disrupt the cohesion between the spidermal cells, causing blistersto form

what are the signs and symptoms of pemphigus

- blisters on mouth, skin - painful blisters - breathing difficulty

what is the treatment for pemphigus

glucocoticoids and immunosuppressants

what is the cause if scleroderma

- cause is unknown but increased collagen is observed in all cases

what are the signs and symptoms of scleroderma

- hard, shiny, tight, immovable areas of skin - narrow, shortened fingertips - tight face, so unable to do facial expressions

what is the treatment fot scleroderma

- antiinflammatory drugs - immunosupressive therapies

what is the cause of dupuytrens contracture

- unknown - thickening of skin on palms occurs

what is the treatment for dupuytrens contracture

- stretching - steroid/enzyme injections - radiation therapy - surgery

what is the cause of cellulitis

- appears after an injury, a boil or an ulcer

what are the signs and symptoms of cellulitis

- reddness - swelling - pain

what is the treatment for cellulitis

antibiotics

what is the cause of furuncles

the bacteria s. aureus

what are the signs and symptoms of furuncles

- firm red lesion - painful nodule - abscess

what is the treatment for furuncles

- warm compress - tylenol or advilw

what is the cause of impetigo

the bacteria s. aureus

what are the signs and symptoms of impetigo

- red vesicles - crusty masses - itching

what is the treatment for impetigo

- topical antibiotics

what is the cause of acute necrotizing fasciitis

a strain of sterptococcus

what are the signs and symptoms of acute necrotizing fasciitis

- infections - gangrene - fever - organ failure - mental confusion

what is the treatment for acute necrotizing fasciitis

antimicrobial therapy fluid replacement excision of infected tissues

what is the cause of leprosy

the bacteria mycobacterium leprae

what are the signs and symptoms of leprosy

- lesions and macules - loss of feeling

what is the treatment for leprosy

antibiotics

what is the cause of herpes

- activation of the virus (as it can be latient for a long time) - direct contact with fluid from the lesion

what are the signs and symptoms of herpes

- burning/tingling - vesicles that rupture and form a crust

what is the treatment for herpes

antiviral drugs

what is the cause of verrucae (warts)

human papillomaviruses (hpv)

what are the signs and symptoms of verrucae (warts)

- papile - painful when pressure is applied

what is the treatment of verrucae (Warts)

lazer freezing with liquid nitrogen topical medications

what are the signs and symptoms of tinea capitis (ringworm on scalp)

- circular bald patch on the scalp - redness - scaling

what is the treatment for tinea capitis (ringworm on scalp)

- antifungal drugs

what are the signs and symptoms for tinea corporis (ringworm on body)

- round red rings with clear centers - itching or burning

what is the cause of scabies

invasion by mites

what are the signs and symptoms of scabies

- burrows on skin - small vesicles - redness and inflammation - itching

what is the treatment for scabies

topical treatment

what are keratoses

benign lesions that are associated with aging or skin damage

what is squamous cell carcinoma

painless malignant tumor of the epidermis

what are the signs and symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma

- scaly reddish lesion - ulceration

what is a malignant melanoma

serious skin cancer that develops from melanocytes

what is the treatment for malignant melanoma

surgery radiation chemotherapy

what is kaposi sarcoma

skin cancer that is associasted with hiv

what are the signs and symptoms of kaposi sarcoma

- lesions - no pain

what is the treatment for kaposi sarcome

- radiation - chemotherapu - surgery

Unit 1 - Chapter 8 - Skin Disorders Flashcards

(86 cards)