Unit 1 Epithelium

Question 1

4 basic tissue types

Answer 1

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Question 2

nervous tissue characteristics

Answer 2

1. intertwining elongated processes
2. no ECM
3. transmission of nervous impulses

Question 3

epithelial characteristics

Answer 3

1. aggregated polyhedral cells
2. small amt ECM
3. lining, surface, secretion

Question 4

muscle characteristics

Answer 4

1. elongated contractile cells
2. moderate amt ECM
3. movement

Question 5

connective characteristics

Answer 5

1. fixed/wandering cells
2. abundant ECM
3. support/protection

Question 6

epithelial tissue

Answer 6

sheet of cells that covers surfaces/cavities

Question 7

2 forms of epithelia

Answer 7

covering/lining

glandular

Question 8

functions of epithelia

Answer 8

protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception

Question 9

epithelia origins

Answer 9

all 3 embryonic germ layers

Question 10

Where is epithelia from the ectoderm found?

Answer 10

skin. lining of mouth, nose, anus

Question 11

Where is epithelia from the endoderm found?

Answer 11

respiratory/digestive tract

Question 12

Where is epithelia from the mesoderm found?

Answer 12

CV system, mesenteries, kidney tubules, reproductive tract

Question 13

5 general characteristics of epithelium

Answer 13

avascular (innervated)
contiguous
polarized
regenerative
basal lamina

Question 14

functions of epithelium

Answer 14

protection/selectively permeable barrier
secretion
absorption
transcellular transport
sensation

Question 15

classification of epithelia

Answer 15

layers: simple v. stratified
shape: squamous v. cuboidal v. columnar

Question 16

stratified epithelia exception

Answer 16

shape can vary in each layer, thus it is named for the apical surface

Question 17

simple epithelia characteristics

Answer 17

single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm

Question 18

endothelium

Answer 18

simple squamous epithelium found in lymph vessels, blood vessels, heart

Question 19

mesothelium

Answer 19

simple squamous epithelium found in mesenteries, ventral body cavity

Question 20

simple epithelia function

Answer 20

allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae

Question 21

simple epithelia location

Answer 21

kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral cavity

Question 22

simple cuboidal epithelia

Answer 22

single layer of tubelike cells with large spherical central nuclei

Question 23

simple cuboidal function

Answer 23

secretion, absorption

Question 24

simple cuboidal location

Answer 24

kidney tubules; ducts/secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

Question 25

simple columnar epithelia

Answer 25

single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells have cilia; may contain mucus secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells)

Question 26

simple columnar function

Answer 26

absorption, secretions of mucus, enzymes, etc.; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action

Question 27

simple columnar location

Answer 27

conciliated lines most of digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated varieties lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

Question 28

pseudostratified columnar epithelia

Answer 28

single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reading the free surface; nuclei seen at different level; may contain goblet cells and cilia

Question 29

pseudostratified columnar function

Answer 29

secrete substances (mucus); propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

Question 30

pseudostratified columnar location

Answer 30

conciliated type in sperm-carrying ducts, ducts of large glands; ciliated lines trachea, most of UR tract

Question 31

stratified squamous epithelia

Answer 31

thick membrane composed of several layers; keratinized or non-keratinized

Question 32

stratified squamous function

Answer 32

protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

Question 33

stratified squamous location

Answer 33

nonkeratinized: moist linings of mouth, esophagus, vagina keratinized: epidermis of skin

Question 34

stratified cuboidal epithelia

Answer 34

rare; only 2 layers thick | found in sweat/mammary glands

Question 35

stratified columnar epithelia

Answer 35

rare; only apical layer is columnar; occurs in tradition areas between 2 types of epithelia pharynx, male urethra, some glandular ducts, conjunctiva

Question 36

transitional epithelia

Answer 36

surface cells are dome shaped or squamouslike; resembles both squamous and cuboidal

Question 37

transitional function

Answer 37

stretches readily, permits stored urine to distend bladder

Question 38

transitional location

Answer 38

ureters, bladder, part of urethra

Question 39

gland

Answer 39

one or more cells that make/secrete aqueous fluid

Question 40

glandular classification

Answer 40

product release | number of cells

Question 41

endocrine

Answer 41

internally secreting (ductless)

Question 42

exocrine

Answer 42

externally secreting (ducts)

Question 43

hormones

Answer 43

messenger chemicals that travel through lymph/blood to specific organs

Question 44

simple exocrine

Answer 44

unbranched

Question 45

compound exocrine

Answer 45

branched

Question 46

tubular

Answer 46

secretory cells from ducts

Question 47

alveolar (acinar)

Answer 47

secretary cells from sacs

Question 48

tubuloalveolar

Answer 48

both types

Question 49

types of secretion glands

Answer 49

serous acinus mucous acinus mixed acinus

Question 50

serous acinus

Answer 50

thin, watery secretion w/protein pyramidal cells w/basal nuclei secretory granules in apical cytoplasm small central lumen

Question 51

mucous acinus

Answer 51

more viscous secretion, high carbs pyramidal cell with basal nuclei (frequently flattened) clear cytoplasm large central lumen

Question 52

mixed acinus

Answer 52

mucous acinus with serous demilune | intracellular channels deliver serous secretions to lumen

Question 53

mode of secretion

Answer 53

merocrine holocrine apocrine

Question 54

merocrine

Answer 54

aka eccrine exocytosis sweat, pancreas

Question 55

holocrine

Answer 55

rupture | sebaceous glands

Question 56

apocrine

Answer 56

only apex ruptures | mammary glands?