Unit 4 Female Reproductive

Question 1

female reproductive functions

Answer 1

produce female gametes

provide environment for development of embryo/fetus

Question 2

female reproductive components

Answer 2

1. paired ovaries
2. paired oviducts (uterine tubes, Fallopian tubes)
3. uterus
4. vagina

Question 3

ovary structure

Answer 3

1. germinal epithelium (simple cuboidal)
2. tunica albuginea (dense CT)
3. cortex (loose CT w/ follicles)

Question 4

follicles

Answer 4

1. primordial
2. primary unilaminar
3. primary multilaminar
4. secondary (antral)
5. tertiary (Graafian)
6. atretic

Question 5

primordial follicle

Answer 5

1. all follicles from birth to puberty

2. primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of flattened follicular cells

Question 6

primary unilaminar follicle

Answer 6

1. single layer of cuboidal follicular cells

2. activated by FSH

Question 7

primary multilaminar follicle

Answer 7

1. 2 or more layers of cuboidal follicular cells; inner layer of follicular cells in contact with oocyte via gap junctions
2. zona pellucida produced by oocyte and follicular cells
3. theca folliculi – modified stroma surrounding follicle

Question 8

theca interna

Answer 8

inner theca folliculi, vascular

Question 9

theca external

Answer 9

outer theca folliculi, fibrous

Question 10

secondary (antral) follicle

Answer 10

1. accumulation of liquor folliculi
2. fluid secreted by follicular cells
3. cumulus oophorus

Question 11

cumulus oophorus

Answer 11

hillock of follicular cells associated with oocyte

Question 12

tertiary (Graafian) follicle

Answer 12

1. secondary oocyte
2. corona radiata
3. most mature follicle

Question 13

corona radiata

Answer 13

layer of follicular cells in contact with oocyte across zona pellucida

Question 14

atretic follicles

Answer 14

1. follicles and oocytes that die without completing development
2. may occur at any stage of follicular development

Question 15

corpus luteum

Answer 15

1. created from follicular and thecal cells remaining after ovulation
2. temporary endocrine gland secreting progesterone
3. persists ~10 days then regresses forming corpus albicans

Question 16

corpus luteum cells

Answer 16

1. theca lutein (paralutein cells) from follicular cells

2. granulosa lutein (lutein cells) from theca interna

Question 17

if pregnancy occurs, corpus luteum …

Answer 17

1. persists ~5 months
2. maintained by HCG from 3. placenta
3. progesterone
4. relaxin

Question 18

relaxin

Answer 18

1. decreases contraction of myometrium to maintain implantation
2. softens pubic symphysis in anticipation of delivery

Question 19

Fallopian tube function

Answer 19

1. receive oocyte
2. provide environment for fertilization and initial development
3. transport conceptus to uterus

Question 20

fallopian anatomy

Answer 20

1. infundibulum – fimbriae
2. ampulla – 2/3 of length of tube
3. isthmus – medial 1/3
4. intramural segment extends through wall of uterus

Question 21

fallopian layers

Answer 21

mucosa
muscularis
serosa

Question 22

fallopian mucosa

Answer 22

1. longitudinal folds
2. simple columnar epithelium
   a. ciliated cells – beat toward uterus
   b. secretory (nonciliated) cells – fluid to protect ovum and promote capacitation of sperm

Question 23

fallopian muscularis

Answer 23

inner circular and outer longitudinal layers to move ovum 
toward uterus

Question 24

fallopian serosa

Answer 24

loose connective tissue covered with mesothelium

Question 25

uterus structure

Answer 25

body | cervix

Question 26

uterus layers

Answer 26

endometrium myometrium perimetrium

Question 27

endometrium

Answer 27

mucosa

Question 28

myometrium

Answer 28

muscularis 1. thickest layer 2. during pregnancy grows by hyperplasia (⬆️ in number) and by hypertrophy (⬆️ in size)

Question 29

perimetrium

Answer 29

serosa

Question 30

endometrium anatomy

Answer 30

simple columnar w/simple tubular glands 1. stratum basale 2. stratum functionalis

Question 31

stratum basale

Answer 31

constant; source of cells for regeneration

Question 32

stratum functionalis

Answer 32

undergoes changes during uterine cycle

Question 33

uterine cycle stages

Answer 33

menstrual days 1-4 proliferative days 5-14 secretary days 15-28

Question 34

menstrual phase

Answer 34

1. sloughing of stratum functionalis | 2. caused by rapid decline in estrogens and progesterone

Question 35

proliferative phase

Answer 35

1. regeneration of glands and epithelium from cells in stratum basale 2. regeneration of blood vessels (spiral arteries)

Question 36

secretory phase

Answer 36

1. controlled by presence of progesterone 2. glands become highly coiled and secrete glycoproteins for nutrition of implanting conceptus 3. endometrium at its maximum thickness