Unit 1: Language of Anatomy/Intro/Terminology/Planes Flashcards by Hannah Geisler

The branch of science that deals with the structure of body parts

Anatomy

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Deals with the function of the body parts (what they do and how they do it)

Physiology

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Exercise prescription, clinical diagnosis, injury prevention, and performance enhancement

Reasons to know musculoskeletal anatomy

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sum of all chemical reactions in the body that involve catabolism and anabolism

Metabolism

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breakdown of macromolecules

Catabolism

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construction of molecules

Anabolism

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the process of converting food into a usable form of energy

Bioenergetics

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energy in the body; functions are building nerve tissue, muscle contraction, circulation, nerve transmission, digestion, and secretory glands

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

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Water, food, oxygen, heat, and pressure

Five Basic Needs of Organisms

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constant or unchanging “normal” internal enviornment

Homeostasis

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reference position

Anatomical position

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Fundamental position

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Supine

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Prone

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toward the front of the body

Anterior (ventral)

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toward the back of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

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toward the midline of the body

Medial

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away from the midline

Lateral

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above (axial skeleton)

Superior

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below (axial skeleton)

Inferior

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toward the head or superior end

Cephalic

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toward the forehead or nose

Rostral

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toward the tail or inferior end

Caudal

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toward or on the surface of the body

Superficial

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away from the surface of the body

Deep

near the origin/point of attachment

Proximal

away from the origin of the extremity

Distal

same side

Ipsilateral

other side

Contralateral

membrane on an organ

Visceral

membrane on a cavity

Parietal

divides the body into left and right portions

Sagittal plane (median)

divides body into anterior and posterior portions

Frontal plane (coronal)

divides body into superior and inferior portions

Transverse plane (horizontal)

sagittal plane movement (i.e. hip, knee, back, arm, etc.)

Flexion

sagittal plane movement (i.e. hip, knee, back, arm, etc.)

Extension

sagittal plane movement (i.e. shoulder, back, etc.)

Hyperextension

sagittal plane movement

Dorsiflexion

sagittal plane movement

Plantar flexion

sagittal plane movement

Protraction

sagittal plane movement

Retraction

frontal plane movement; away from the body

Abduction

frontal plane movement; toward body

Adduction

frontal plane movement; sideways rotation of trunk

Lateral flexion

frontal plane movement

Elevation

frontal plane movement

Depression

frontal plane movement

Radial deviation

frontal plane movement

Ulnar deviation

frontal plane movement

Eversion

frontal plane movement

Inversion

transverse plane movement

Rotation

transverse plane movement

Medial (internal) rotation

transverse plane movement

Lateral (external) rotation

transverse plane movement

Supination

transverse plane movement

Pronation

transverse plane movement

Horizontal abduction

transverse plane movement

Horizontal adduction

Opposition

involves multiple planes

Circumduction

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Axillary

Brachial

Lumbar

Pelvic

Sacral

Carpal

Digital

Patellar

Popliteal

Pedal

Cranial

Cervical

Sternal

(region)

Costal

Thoracic

Palmar

Femoral

(region)

Plantar

Cranial cavity

Vertebral cavity

Thoracic cavity

Pleural cavity

Pericardial cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

(system) -skin, glands, hair -protect tissue, thermoregulation, sensory

Integumentary System

(system) framework and protection

Skeletal system

(system) movement, posture, and heat production

Muscular system

(system) -brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs -maintain organ function and homeostasis

Nervous system

(system) -works closely with CNS and PNS -affects all systems by secreting hormones to maintain homeostasis of the body -pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, sex organs

Endocrine system

(system) -heart, vessels, blood -gas, nutrients, hormones, waste transport -thermoregulation

Cardiovascular system

(system) -vessels, lymph, nodes, spleen -immune function, fat transport

Lymphatic system

(system) -mouth to large intestine breakdown food, nutrient absorption. excretion -hormone production (endocrine)

Digestive system

(system) -nose to alveoli -ventilation & respiration

Respiratory system

(system) -kidneys to urethra -electrolyte balance, acid/base, waste excretion

Urinary system