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AP Psychology > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

An individual’s characteristics pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

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2
Q

Psychodynamic theories

A

Theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experience

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3
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

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4
Q

Unconscious

A

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

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5
Q

Free association

A

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious where a person relaxes and says the first thing that comes to mind

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6
Q

id

A

Reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. Demands immediate gratification

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7
Q

Ego

A

Largely conscious “executive” part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality

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8
Q

Superego

A

Part of personality that represents internalized ideals (our conscience/moral compass)

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9
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

Childhood stages of development when id’s pleasure - seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

(Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital)

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10
Q

Oral stage

A

0-18 months, pleasure sensors on mouth —> sucking, biting, chewing

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11
Q

Anal stage

A

Pleasure focuses on bowel & bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

18-36 months

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12
Q

Phallic stage

A

3-6 years, pleasure zone is the genitals, coping with incestuous sexual feelings

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13
Q

Latency stage

A

6-puberty, a phase of dormant sexual feelings

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14
Q

Genital stage

A

Puberty on, maturation of sexual interests

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15
Q

Oedipus (ED-un-puss) complex

A

A boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and jealousy for the “rival” father

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16
Q

Electra complex

A

A girl’s sexual attraction toward her father & jealousy toward her mother

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17
Q

Identification

A

Process by which children incorporate their parent’s values into their developing superegos

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18
Q

Fixation

A

A lingering focus of pleasure - seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage where conflicts were unresolved

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19
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

The ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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20
Q

Repression

A

Defense mechanism that unconsciously banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

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21
Q

Regression

A

Retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixated on

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22
Q

Reaction formation

A

Acting in the opposite way

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23
Q

Projection

A

Disguising one’s own thoughts by attributing them to others

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24
Q

Rationalization

A

Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening reasons

25
Displacement
Shifting impulses toward a more acceptable/less threatening object or person
26
Sublimation
Transferring unacceptable impulses to socially acceptable motives
27
Denial
Refusing to believe & perceive painful realities
28
Collective unconscious (archetypes)
Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history Why, for many people, spiritual concerns are deeply rooted and why people in different cultures share certain myths (such as flood myths) and images
29
Projective test
Personality test that shows ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics
30
Themantic apperception test (TAT)
Projective test where people express their inner feelings and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
31
Rorschach inkblot test
Most widely used projective test, seeks to analyze people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots
32
Terror management theory
Theory of death-related anxiety, explores people’s emotional and behavior responses to reminders of their impending death
33
Humanistic theories
Theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
34
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs = physiological needs —> safety —> love & belonging —> self-actualization —> self-trancendencce
35
Self-actualization
The motivation to fulfill one’s potential
36
Self-transcendence
The striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self
37
Unconditional positive regard
Carl rogers: a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude would help people develop self-awareness and self acceptance
38
Trait
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways
39
Personality inventory
A questionnaire (T or F) which response items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors - used to assess selected personality traits
40
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
The most widely research and clinically used of all personality test. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, now use for many other screening purposes.
41
Empirically derived test
Test created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups.
42
Conscientiousness (C A N O E)
Disorganized, careless, impulsive <— —> organized, careful, disciplined
43
Agreeableness (C A N O E)
Ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative <— —> soft-hearted, trusting, helpful
44
Neuroticism (emotional stability vs. instability) (C A N O E)
calm, secure, self-satisfied <— —> anxious, insecure, self-pitying
45
Openness (C A N O E)
Practical, prefers routine, conforming <— —> imaginative, prefers variety, independent
46
Extraversion (C A N O E)
Retiring, sober, reserved <— —> sociable, fun-loving, affectionate
47
Social-cognitive perspective
Fuse behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits - (thinking) - and their social context
48
Behavioral approach
Focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development
49
Reciprocal determinism
The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment
50
Self
Center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions
51
Spotlight effect
Overestimating others, noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and mistakes
52
Self-esteem
One’s feeling of high or low self-worth
53
Self-efficacy
One sense of competence and effectiveness
54
Self-serving bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably
55
Individualism
Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals, and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes
56
Collectivism
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (work or family) and defining one’s identity accordingly
57
Collectivism
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (work or family) and defining one’s identity accordingly
58
Role of ego
The ego is the personality “executive”m mediating among the impulsive demands of the id, the restraining demands of the superego, and the real-life demands of the external world
59

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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