Unit 11 Flashcards
Intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
General intelligence (g)
According to Spearman & others, underlies all mental abilities and is measured by every taste on an intelligence test
Factor analysis
Statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test, used to identify performance
Savant syndrome
Condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill (ex. drawing, piano)
Gardner’s 8 Intelligences
Naturalist, linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial (art), bodily-kinesthetic, intrApersonal, intErpersonal
Sternberg’s 3 principles/intelligences
Analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence
Emotional intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Intelligence test
A method for assessing an individual’s aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores
Achievement test
A test designed to assess what a person has learned
Aptitude test
A test designed to predict a person’s future performance
Aptitude: capacity to learn
Mental age
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet, level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age
Stanford-Binet
Widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
The ratio of mental age to chronological age times 100. Or, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
Wechler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Most widely used IQ tests, contain verbal and performance (non-verbal) sub-tests.
Standardization
Uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretesting group
Normal curve
Bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes most fall near the average
Reliability
Extensive which a test yields consistent results
Validity
The exam to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Content validity
The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
Predictive validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict, assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and criterion behavior
Cohort
A group of people sharing a common characteristic
Crystallized intelligence
Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increase with age
Fluid intelligence
Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood
Cross-sectional study
Research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
