Unit 10 - Chapter 7 Flashcards by Riley Scott

all medications are poisonous if

given to wrong pt or in wrong quantities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what gives you the specifics about a drug

drug profile

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pharmacology
drugs
dose

study of the effects of drugs and medication on the body
chemical agents used to diagnosis, treat or prevent disease
amount of medication given

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define
action
intended effect
unintended effects
untoward effects
toxicity

is the therapeutic effect
effect that is expected on the body
effects that are undesirable but pose little risk to pt
effects that are harmful to pt
risk that substance will pose a health hazard to individual

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the 7 R’s

and 3 C’s and E

right person, drug, dose, time, route, documentation, right to refuse

concentration, clarity and color, expiration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

drugs are derived from 4 things

animal, vegetable , mineral and synthetic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define trade name vs generic vs chemical vs official

trade- brand name from manufacturer
generic- usually its original chemical name
chemical- precise description in chemical composition
official- name given by USP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the controlled substance act

how are they classified

comprehensive legislation dealing with drugs that have a potential for abuse

1-5 , 1 being the highest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sources of drug information

cpc
physicians desk reference
hospital forumary
drug inserts
drug evaluations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

for a drug to carry a USP label , how much active ingredient must their be

95-105 %

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

average time for a drug to be tested and approved

9 years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a teratrogenic drug

drug that poses a risk to normal development of unborn fetus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how canada rates risk of drugs on pregnancy

A-no documented risk
B, no effect animals, not enough tests on humans
C effect on animals, not tested on humans
D- danger to fetus is noted, but may be outweigh risk
X- Adverse effects clear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

it is best to withhold pharmacologic treatment when pregnant unless life threatening, when in doubt:

contact medical control

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

young infants have a sharply:

reduced metabolic rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

medication is pediatric pts is usually based on

body surface area and weight

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

children many require what with drugs ( 2 )

more frequent administration

relatively higher doses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

taking several medications can

have an effect on mental status

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

scope of practice with medication states

you are morally, ethically and legally responsible to know each drug you administer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how are drugs classified

by the effect they have on the body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

drugs can be classified by ( 3 )

body system
class of agent
mechanism of action

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sympathetic nervous system is AKA

adrenergic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the alpha and beta response

alpha 1- peripheral vasoconstriction
alpha 2- peripheral vasodilation ( little or no bronchoconstriction)
beta 1- increased HR
beta 2- bronchodilation and vasodilation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are sympathomimetics

drugs that mimic effect of sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what medications inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and other name

sympatholytics ( antiadrenergics )

drugs that bind to a receptor and cause a response are called

agonists

drugs that counteract the action of something else are called

antagonists

what do beta blockers do | used to control

block beta responses | blood pressure and heart rhythm disturbances in others

agonists to the parasympathetic system are called

parasympathomimetics

antagonist to the parasympathetic system are called also called block what two receptors

parasympatholytics anti-cholinergics muscarinic and nicotinic

with excessive cholinergics , pt mass experiences

SLUDGE

what is a powerful parasympatholytic

atropine | Eg- excessive bradycardia or exposure to organophosphates

what normally binds to cholinergic receptors

acetylcholine ( ACh)

most common type of analgesis in pre-hopital

opoid agoinst , CNS depressant

what are some non-opioid analgesics

salicylates ( aspirin ) NSAIDS - inprofen para-aminophenol deriatives ( tylonel )

what do opioid antagoinists do

reverse effects of opioid drug

why are opiod agonist- antagoinists preffered

reduce pain but dont deminish function of respiratory system or lead to addiciton

drugs that help pts through surgery , medical procedure | some examples

antianxiety , sedative, hypnotic benzodiazepines , barbiturates

what is a seizure in general terms | examples of anticonvulsants

state of neurological hypersensitivity | benzo, barb, hydantoins, valporic

stimulants do what and examples | depressants do what and examples

stimulate CNS - caffeine , cocaine | slow CNS- Xanax, ambien

what do psychotherapy drugs do | treat illnesses like

block dopamine receptors in brains | schizo, depression

medications targeting the cardiovascular system are classified according to their

effects on specialized cells

various effects of the drugs are classified in 3 ways

chronotropic - heart rate inotropic- force of contraction dromotropic- velocity of conduction in heart

what are cardiac glycosides

derived from plant, block certain pumps in heart cells

antiarrhythmic drugs treat and prevent cardiac rhythm disorders, what classifications do they have

sodium- slow conduction potassium- heart contraction calcium - decrease force of contraction

ACE inhibitors do what

partially controls BP

fibrinolytic agent does what

breaks down blood clot

second line of treatment in respiratory emergencies

xanthines - relax smooth muscles of broncioles and stimulate cardiac muscle to work harder

corticosterioids do what

suppress inflammation

immunosuppressants medication may be used for what and do what

pts undergo transplant or auto immune disease | inhibit bodys ability to attack itself

vitamins and minerals are essential for (3)

metabolism, growth and development and cellular function

what type of fluid is common is pre-hospital environment and can be 3 categories

crystalloid- dissolved | isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic

define isotonic hypertonic hypotonic

iso- stable medium- fluid / electrolytes hyper- help provide nutrition hypo- dehydration ( not hyopvolemic )

manufacturers chose form of drug to ensure 3 things

proper route, time of release and effect on body system or organ

route of administration effects

onset of action

what is pharmacokinetics

study of metabolism and action of drug

4 steps of pharmacokinetics

absorption, distributions , bio transformation and excretion

pharmacodynamics | AKA

way in which a medication produces response intended | mechanism of action

what property determines the drugs concentration at its site of action

pharmaceutical properties

what is drug action

result of physiochemical change between drug and the molecule

what effects drug absortion

pH, dosage form, drug concentration, route,

what is important during mechanism of action

drug must reach appropriate site at correct concentration

what is bioavailabilty

rate and extent drug enters the circulatory system

what is therapeutic threshold

minimal concentration to reach desired effect

therapeutic index

medications margin of safety LD50 to ED 50

factors that effect drug response

age, body mass, sex, environmental conditons, time of administration, genetics, psychological factors

define onset of action and duration of action

onset- how long to meet the target | duration- how long drug will stay above minumum level for intended action

an interaction between drugs occurs when

actions of drug in body is modified in some way

what is a predictable response

anticipated response past desired effect

what is a iatrogenic response

adverse condition inadvertently induced in a pt by the treatment given symptoms that mimic naturally occurring diseases

what is a unpredictable response and most common

adverse effects that were not anticipated | allergic reaction

other unpredictable responses include (7)

``` serum sickness- delayed reaction idiosyncratic- rare , unique response tolerance cumulative effect drug dependence drug interaction summation- addiction ```

what effects potency of drugs

temperature , light, moisture , shelf life, exposure to air

The enhancement or action of one drug by another drug is called:

potentiation.

What is an enteral drug?

administered anywhere along GI tract

Unit 10 - Chapter 7 Flashcards

(75 cards)