Unit 15-Chapter 25

Question 1

A burn occurs when the soft tissue of the skin:

Answer 1

when it receives more energy than it can handle

Question 2

rules of nines

differences in heads and legs- adult child infant

Answer 2

adult- head 9-legs 18 each
child- head 12- legs 16.5 each
infant- head 18- legs 13.5 each

Question 3

Radiation is released into the atmosphere when:

Answer 3

unstable atoms emit excess energy in an attempt to stabilize.

Question 4

The three basic pathways by which radiation enters the body are:

Answer 4

inhalation, ingestion, and direct exposure.

Question 5

Small muscles within the dermis that pull the hair into an erect position when you are cold or frightened are called the:

Answer 5

erector pili

Question 6

The “rule of palms” for estimating the extent of the body surface area (BSA) burned is especially useful with:

Answer 6

irregular shaped burns

Question 7

When administering IV crystalloid boluses to a patient with an electrical injury, you should give enough fluid to maintain a urine output of:

Answer 7

. 1 mL/kg per hour.

Question 8

Which of the following factors has the MOST significant impact on determining the severity of a burn?

Answer 8

depth and extend of burns

Question 9

functions of skin

Answer 9

regulate temperature, keep harmful agents out, retain water

Question 10

what is within the dermis layer

Answer 10

hair follicles , sweat glands and sebaceous glands ( keep skin supple/waterproof)

Question 11

3 types of soft tissue injuries

Answer 11

open closed and burns

Question 12

what is a hematoma

Answer 12

collection of blood in the tissue

Question 13

what happens in crush syndrome

Answer 13

continued crush of tissue that cuts of circulation

tissue necrosis develops and leads to release of deadly toxins into blood - Rhabdomyolysis

Question 14

what is compartment syndrome and common symptom

Answer 14

excessive swelling at site of injury and pain disproportionate to injury

Question 15

humans, dogs and cats mouths are full of what kind of bacteria

Answer 15

virulent

Question 16

what can result from an open neck injury

Answer 16

air gets into circulatory system, air embolism, cardiac arrest

Question 17

3 types of blast injuries

Answer 17

primary- pressure from blast
secondary- flying debris
tertiary- body thrown

Question 18

4 signs of developing shock

Answer 18

tachypnea, tachycardia, pale/ cool skin, hypotension

Question 19

what does rabies effect

Answer 19

infection that effects CNS

Question 20

bandages and dressings have 3 primary functions

Answer 20

control bleeding
protect wound from further damage
protect from infection

Question 21

4 general types of dressings

Answer 21

universal, occlusive, adhesive,gauze

Question 22

sources of burns-4

Answer 22

thermal, radiation, electrical , chemical

Question 23

local and systemic response to burns

Answer 23

release of catecholamines , reduction of blood flow to injury and eventually a fluid shift

Question 24

tissue damages decreases ability to regulate

Answer 24

core temperature

Question 25

burn process may lead to -

Answer 25

renal failure, dysrhythmias, heart failure, liver failure

Question 26

tough leathery substance created during severe burns

Answer 26

eschar

Question 27

once the skins is damaged from burns , it opens body up to a high risk of 4

Answer 27

infection, hypovolemia, hypothermia, shock

Question 28

burn severity depends on -5

Answer 28

``` depth extent critical areas pre-existing medical conditions age- under 5 over 55 ```

Question 29

from a burn, copious secretions and frequent coughing may indicate

Answer 29

respiratory burn

Question 30

what is the parkland formula and what is it used for

Answer 30

administration of fluids to burn victim 4 mL fluid x KG body weight X BSA burned pt needs at least half of the amount in first 8 hrs

Question 31

types of thermal burns

Answer 31

flame, flash(explosion), steam, scald, contact

Question 32

inhalation burns with upper and lower airway

Answer 32

upper- super heated gases | lower- inhalation of chemicals

Question 33

severity of chemical burn is related to

Answer 33

pH of agent, concentration, length of time, volume, physical form of agent

Question 34

how long do you flush area from chemical burn

Answer 34

15-20 mins

Question 35

two dangers from electrical burns

Answer 35

massive damage to deeper tissue | cardiac arrest

Question 36

4 types of radiation

Answer 36

alpha beta gamma and electron