Unit 14- Chapter 8,11,24- bleeding Flashcards
(51 cards)
calculating drip rate
= amount of fluid x drip rate ( micro 60, macro 10)
divided by
time in minutes
what is infiltration of an IV
escape of fluid into surrounding tissue
edema at site, tightness and pain at site and continued IV flow after occlusion above IV point
The “perfusion triangle” consists of the:
heart, blood vessels, and blood.
what is the FICK principle
1- adequate inspired 02
2- oxygen movement across capillary membrane
3- adequate number of RBC
4- proper tissue perfusion
5- efficient offloading of oxygen at tissue level
what is MODS
what does Multiple-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) trigger
when does it form
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome- failure of several organs, failure of clotting
complement system- overreactive- inflammation and damage to cells
coagulation system- microvascular thrombus forms and tissue ischemia
kallikrein-kinin- release bradykinin- vasodilation- hypoperfusion and hypotension
MODS occurs when injury or infection triggers a massive immune, inflammatory, and coagulation response
hours to days after resuscitation
14-21 days - renal/ liver failure
death can occur days to weeks after initial injury
A severe bacterial infection can result in shock due to:
vasodilation and internal plasma loss.
what are cells fuel supply
adenosine triphosphate
What is the pathophysiology of distributive shock?
A disproportionate volume of blood due to an enlarged vascular space.
Once the protective wrap is removed from a bag of IV fluid, the fluid must be used:
24 hrs
What physiologic response would be expected to occur if a patient’s systolic blood pressure dropped below 80 mm Hg?
Vasomotor stimulation with resultant arterial vasoconstriction
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is:
the blood pressure required to sustain organ perfusion
AKA the pt’s blood pressure
What is the pathophysiology of psychogenic shock
Temporary, generalized vascular dilation
In most people, a systolic BP of _______ is sufficient to adequately perfuse the brain and other vital organs.
80-90 mmHg
Long-term control of blood pressure is regulated by the:
short term controlled by
renal system.
nervous system
Which of the following is the MOST significant complication associated with IV therapy in geriatric patients?
fluid overload
Once the “pigtail” that covers the access port of a bag of IV fluid has been removed, the fluid must be used:
immediately
Patients with internal bleeding are in MOST need of:
surgical intervention
what regulates blood flow in capillary beds
capillary sphincters
cardiac output equation =
heart rate x stroke volume
blood pressure equation =
cardiac output x systemic vascular pressure
what is myocardial contractability
hearts ability to contract
what is preload and afterload
preload- the pre-contraction pressure of ventricles filling
afterload- force or resistance against what the heart pumps
what is systemic vascular resistance ( SVR ) and where does it not occur
resistance to blood flow in all blood vessels
not the pulmonary vessels
cardiovascular system has three parts
AKA
the heart, the blood vessels and the blood
perfusion triangle
