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AP Psychology > Unit 12: Abnormal Behaviors > Flashcards

Unit 12: Abnormal Behaviors Flashcards

1
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

perspective of mental illness in which biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influence mental illness and treatment

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2
Q

Maladaptive

A

behavior that disrupts daily functioning

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3
Q

medical model

A

model of mental illness in which it is purely biologically influenced and is a disease with a treatment

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4
Q

DSM

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; a classification system that mental health professionals use to diagnose psychological disorders

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5
Q

How is normality defined, and what are the major psychological disorders, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V)?

A

Normality is subjectively defined and defined via social norms. The major psychological disorders include childhood, organic, substance-related, anxiety, somatoform, dissociative, sexual and gender identity, and eating disorders.

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6
Q

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

disorder starting at around age 7 and marked by: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

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7
Q

bipolar disorder

A

disorder characterized by both manic and depressed episodes

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8
Q

delusions of grandeur

A

belief of being the most important

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9
Q

learned helplessness

A

giving up due to the belief of being unable to control circumstances

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10
Q

major depressive disorder

A

disorder with long-term depression and loss of interest in activities

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11
Q

Mania

A

intense excitement, enthusiasm, and desire

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12
Q

psychological disorder

A

pattern of behavior that may cause personal stress, harm others or oneself, and disrupts daily functioning

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13
Q

Delusions

A

unusual beliefs that are not based on facts

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14
Q

delusions of persecution

A

belief that one is being manipulated, harassed, or stalked

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15
Q

Hallucinations

A

seeing, hearing, or feeling things not likely real

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16
Q

mood or affective disorders

A

disorders characterized by distorted emotion

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17
Q

schizophrenic disorders

A

disorders characterized by distorted thoughts

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18
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of public situations and leaving home comfort

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19
Q

anxiety disorders

A

disorders characterized by feelings of extreme fear and stress

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20
Q

biological and social-cognitive factors in mood disorders

A

family history, chemical imbalances, poor social skills, stressful experiences, pessimism, catastrophic thinking, etc

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21
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

anxiety disorder characterized by chronic, maladaptive feelings of anxiety

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22
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

anxiety disorder characterized by periods of senseless, time-consuming rituals

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23
Q

panic attack

A

burst of anxiety and fear without sensed danger

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24
Q

panic disorder

A

anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks

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25
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
anxiety disorder characterized by psychological disturbances following a traumatic experience
26
Catatonia
remaining motionless for hours and then becoming agitated
27
Compulsion
repetitive behaviors
28
conversion disorder
a medically unexplained somatoform disorder in which individuals lose function of an organ following a conflict or stressful situation
29
negative symptoms
symptoms of schizophrenia including toneless voices, expressionless faces, and mute and rigid bodies
30
Obsession
repetitive thought processes
31
persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
having a mildly depressed mood for at least two years
32
positive symptoms
symptoms of schizophrenia including hallucinations, disorganized thought, and inappropriate emotions
33
Psychosis
psychotic disorder marked by irrationality and lost contact with reality
34
Rumination
overthinking about our problems and their causes
35
social phobia
intense fear of social situations
36
dissociative disorders
disorders involving the separation of consciousness from one’s original identity
37
antisocial personality disorder
personality disorder involving being against social rules of morality and exhibiting impulsive behavior without regard for consequences
38
histrionic personality disorder
personality disorder consisting of attempting to obtain attention from others
39
illness anxiety disorder (formerly hypochondriasis)
somatoform disorder involving persisting worry that one has an illness
40
narcissistic personality disorder
personality disorder consisting of the belief that one is already more important or superior to others
41
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
personality disorder involving perfectionistic and stubborn tendencies
42
paranoid personality disorder
personality disorder involving persistent mistrust and suspicion toward others
43
personality disorders
psychological disorders involving a maladaptive, stubborn and persistent pattern of thought that is usually unhealthy
44
somatoform or somatic symptom disorders
psychological disorders involving the experience of physical symptoms without any apparent physical cause
45
What is a personality disorder?
Type of psychological disorder involving a maladaptive, stubborn and persistent pattern of thought that is usually unhealthy
46
What problems result when a person suffers high levels of anxiety?
The person may develop an anxiety disorder
47
How do psychologists explain anxiety-based disorders?
Anxiety-based disorders may occur due to persistent feelings of fear and stress
48
What forms does schizophrenia take?
paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, and undifferentiated schizophrenic disorders
49
What are mood disorders?
Mood disorders are disorders characterized by distorted emotions
50
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder involving unhealthy dieting and starvation to control weight
51
Bulimia
eating disorder involving binge eating episodes followed by unhealthy methods of purging and controlling weight
52
anterior cingulate cortex
portion of the brain involved in empathy, emotion, impulse control, and decision making
53
autism spectrum disorder
psychological disorder involving deficiencies in social interaction and communication, and involving repetitive interests and behaviors
54
binge-eating disorder
eating disorder involving binge-eating episodes followed by regret
55
biological perspective factors
biological factors such as natural selection, genes, and the brain that influence the onset of psychological disorders
56
dependent personality disorder
personality disorder involving maladaptive dependence on others
57
diathesis-stress model
idea that both biological and environmental factors influence the onset of psychological disorders
58
disorganized language
speech in which ideas are stated without association with one another
59
dopamine hypothesis
idea that schizophrenia is caused by an excess of dopamine in the brain
60
Double-binds
decisional predicament in which both choices offered by the other partner in a relationship are disadvantageous
61
Dysfunctional
unable to perform daily activities
62
explanatory style
the way in which one evaluates situations
63
inappropriate or flat affect
lack of response to emotional stimuli
64
Insane
state of disorder in the mind
65
learning perspective factors
learning psychology factors such as classical and operant conditioning, observational learning, and cognition that influence the onset of psychological disorders
66
paraphilia or psychosexual disorder
psychological disorder involving abnormal and maladaptive sexual desires
67
psychogenic amnesia
memory disorder involving retrograde memory loss for long periods of time
68
risk factors and protective factors
factors that likely influence the onset of a psychological disorder
69
seasonal affective disorder
mood disorder involving a change in mood due to change in season
70
specific phobia
psychological disorders involving extreme and unreasonable fears of certain objects
71
tardive dyskinesia
psychological disorders involving sudden, uncontrollable rigid movements
72
three clusters of personality disorders
anxiety, odd behaviors, and dramatic/impulsive behaviors
73
waxy flexibility
condition in catatonic schizophrenia involving maintenance of body position when manipulated by another person
74
Aaron Beck
father of cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy
75
Albert Ellis
developed rational emotive behavioral therapy
76
Sigmund Freud
an American psychologist who influenced talk therapy
77
Mary Cover Jones
psychologist who influenced behavioral therapy
78
Carl Rogers
developed client-centered therapy
79
B. F. Skinner
developed the theory of operant conditioning
80
Joseph Wolpe
influenced behavioral therapy
81
What are the general characteristics of psychotic disorders?
They affect one’s ability to think and perform daily cognitive activities
82
How do delusional disorders differ from other psychotic disorders?
They involve only long-term false beliefs rather than hallucinations and other symptoms
83
Why do people commit suicide? Can suicide be prevented?
Suicide may be influenced by national, racial, or sexual differences, traumatic situations and experiences, or attention efforts. Suicide can be prevented by therapy
84
How should “abnormal” behaviors or personalities be treated?
Therapy can be used to eliminate unwanted behaviors and personalities while suggesting alternate ones
85
How should “abnormal” behaviors or personalities be treated?
Therapy can be used to eliminate unwanted behaviors and personalities while suggesting alternate ones

AP Psychology (19 decks)

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