Unit 12: DNA Replication And Manipulation Flashcards
(16 cards)
DNA Replication
The process of duplicating a DNA molecule
Template Strand
Strand of DNA that serves as a model for the synthesis of a daughter strand
Daughter Strand
Strand of DNA that gets copied from template strand
Semiconservstive Replication
After each replication, each new DNA duplex will consist of one strand that was present in parental duplex and one newly synthesized strand
Replication Fork
Both daughter strands should grow in length by the addition of nucleotides near the site where the parental strands separate
DNA Polymerase
An enzyme that carries out DNA replication
Leading Strand
The daughter strand whose 3’ end points toward the replication fork so that as the parental double helix unwinds, the daughter strand can be synthesized as one long continuous polymer
Lagging Strand
A daughter strand whose 5’ end is near the replication forks and DNA is synthesized in short, discontinuous pieces
Okazaki Fragments
The short pieces in the lagging strand
Primer
A short stretch of RNA that serves as a starter for DNA synthesis
RNA Primase
An RNA polymerase that synthesizes a short piece of RNA complementary to the DNA template
DNA Ligase
An enzyme that removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA nucleotides
Proofreading
The process by which an incorrect nucleotide is removed after it is incorporated
Helicase
Unwinds the parental double helix at the replication fork
Single-Stranded Binding Proteins
Binds the resulting single-stranded regions of DNA to prevent the template strands from coming back tougher
Topoisomerase II
Relieves the stress on the double helix that results from its unwinding at the replication fork
