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World Civ > Unit 12 Notes: American & French Revolutions > Flashcards

Unit 12 Notes: American & French Revolutions Flashcards

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1
Q

Military Causes of American Revolution

A

French and Indian War
French and indians fought against the british and colonists
British ‘occupation’
Proclamation line of 1763

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2
Q

Proclamation Line of 1763

A

A line that the colonists couldn’t cross and go west.
British didn’t want colonists to expand west because they would have to fight off natives which was expensive.

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3
Q

Social Causes of American Revolution

A

English loyalty and identity
people didn’t want nobility, and wanted more equality
‘Sons of liberty’

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4
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

Propaganda group very interested in independence
Samuel Adams and Paul Revere help start Sons of Liberty
responsible for organizing Boston Tea Party

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5
Q

Economic causes of the American Revolution

A

Taxation
British increase taxes to pay off french and indian war
Shipping
Britain wants all trade to be sent to them before shipping to other countries so they get the money
Colonists would smuggle trades into other countries without going through britain
Tobacco prices
Tobacco is sold on credit.
It crashes and british banks were collapsing
People started calling in loans and economy crashes

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6
Q

Political causes of American Revolution

A

Enlightenment ideas
Liberty, tyranny, sovereignty
Local government
“Virtual” representation
Taxation without representation
First continental congress
They set up committees and come together

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7
Q

Boston Massacre

A

Locals didn’t like that british soldiers would take extra jobs that they needed
The protests got the soldiers involved and colonists died
Paul revere creates drawing to put British in very bad light to rial people up against the british

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8
Q

Stamp act

A

It imposed a tax on all papers and official documents in the American colonies, but not in England.

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9
Q

townshend act

A

“luxury tax”
taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea.
rich people riled up the poor people to help them stop the taxes

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10
Q

tea act

A

Lowers price of tea but stopped the smuggling of tea which made them mad
Leads to Boston Tea Party
$4 million in damages

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11
Q

intolerable acts

A

Closed Boston Harbor
Caused a lot of unemployment
Made people very mad
Stripped local government
Took power from colonists
Sent people from Britain to rule
Quartering act
Government can’t force people to house soldiers
Second Continental Congress

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12
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Creates Olive Branch Petition, 1775
signs declaration of Independence 1776
George Washington becomes leader of second continental congress

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13
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

Tries to see if they can get their rights back and they will behave better
King George III says no, and says they will be charged with treason if they continue to fight

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14
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

written mostly by Thomas Jefferson
adopted July 4th 1776 during second continental congress
signed august 2nd 1776 during second continental congress

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15
Q

Early British Sucesses

A

Lexington and Concord
Bunker Hill
New York
Philadelphia

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16
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

First unofficial battle of Revolutionary War
Occurred in Massachusetts
John Hancock and John Adams were there
“Shot heard around the world”
British success, but a lot more british die than colonists

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17
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill

A

British storm Breed’s hill hoping to scare away colonists
Colonists have high ground and start destroying British
British have way more men and eventually win
“Don’t shoot till you see the whites of their eyes”
1000 british die, 300 colonists die
Shows how determined british are to end the revolution

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18
Q

Common Sense

A

written by Thomas Payne
advocated for independence from the British

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19
Q

Battle of Long Island (new york)

A

Hessians (German militia) helped fight with British
British drive people to Philadelphia where continental Congress flees
George Washington loses battles and it looks like British are about to win the war

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20
Q

Battle of trenton

A

American Victory
Dec. 1776
Morale is down so Washington crosses Delaware and storms Trenton and attacks Hessians at night.
Killed 30, captured 980.
Boosts morale

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21
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

When the rest of the world notices the Revolutionary war.
Primarily France
French support America after Saratoga

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22
Q

General Burgoyne

A

British General that takes british south from Canada to attack Colonists
They can’t make the trip from canada to Philadelphia
Many die and they run out of supplies
They are surrounded by colonists and forced to surrender

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23
Q

Valley Forge

A

2000 colonists die of cold and starvation

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24
Q

Marquis de Lafayette

A

20 year old french aristocrat that helps train the colonists
Washington allows him to lead a battle

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25
Frederich von Stueben
Russian captain that trains the colonists to become soldiers
26
Battle of Yorktown
October 1781 Final major battle of Revolutionary war British surrender British set up camp French fleet arrives and traps the british in chesapeake bay because the british are cut off from trade and supplies. Takes one month for british to surrender
27
Treaty of Paris
British are forced to acknowledge America as independent country 1783 The British still have some trade rights and can occupy Canada.
28
Military causes of French Revolution
Seven Years War (French & Indian War) American Revolution These wars cause a lot of debt
29
Social causes of french revolution
The Old Regime Feudalism Feudal states get pulled into France Bourgeoise The rich, upper class Proletariat Working, lower class
30
economic causes of french revolution
Taxation Raises very high taxes for war Royal debt Economic recession High taxes and grain shortage leads to economic problems Grain shortages Makes everything very expensive
31
political causes of french revolution
Poor leadership Louis and Marie Enlightenment ideas Three estates
32
three estates
Religious leaders (Clergy) Royal Leaders Poor and lower class
33
Meeting of the Estates - 1789
3rd estate rebels They have no power in government because the nobility and clergy would always vote against them They were locked out of the National Assembly The third estate meets at tennis court and makes Tennis Court Oath They start their own government and passing laws
34
storming of Bastille - July 14th
The third estate storms the bastille to get gun powder to fight the monarchy. The people destroy the Bastille brick by brick Bastille Day = French Independence Day - July 14th
35
The national assembly
They take power from Louis Write the declaration of the Rights of Man Church is now controlled by the government
36
Limited constitutional monarchy
Louis loses power to make laws He has power to enforce laws
37
Radicals
Wanted pure democracy Wanted the king gone Very extreme
38
Jacobin Club
Very smart, highly educated radical group that wanted philosophical change
39
Sans-culottes
Radical commoners Wore long trousers to show that they were against the monarchy and rich Long pants were a symbol of revolutionists
40
moderates
Wanted some change in government, but not total reform Wanted democracy Weren’t as extreme as radicals Wanted more change than conservatives
41
conservatives
Supported limited monarchy. Wanted the monarchy, but wanted limited power for the King Third estate was strict Catholic Conservatives. They didn’t like that the church was paying France’s debts. They thought the church was getting attacked
42
radicals take control
War with Austria 1792 september massacres execution of Louis National convention committee of public safety 1793
43
september massacres
Half the prison population murdered 1600 prisoners
44
execution of Louis
Beheaded National assembly becomes national convention after Louis's death
45
national convention
Republic Men get the right to vote and hold office Vendee Rebellion Counter revolution killing supporters of the revolution Killed 15-20,000 revolutionists Sunk people on boats
46
committee of public safety
Group of 12 men Maximilien Robespierre becomes leader Conscription 'Draft' Forcing people into the military or labor
47
price fixing
Trying to prevent monopolies, hoarding and economic collapse
48
reign of terror
Guillotine Committee of public safety uses terror as means of control Robespierre initially against killing people, eventually called for hundreds of thousands of deaths.
49
thermidorian reaction
Convention turns against Robespierre Robespierre executed 1794 Realizes how many people have been killed and their mistakes
50
directory
Created in 1795 after Robespierre execution Helps bring country to order and ends reign of terror
51
napoleon
People love Napoleon Born in Corsica Graduates military school at 16 Joins army of new government when French revolt Fought at battle of Toulon, 1793 Artillery lieutenant
52
napoleon defense of the directory
Government of moderates after Robspierre's death Defends directory from loyalist protests Napoleon fires on crowd of civilian's immediately Seen as good guy that protects the revolutionists Given credit for saving the revolution
53
Napoleon's victory in italy 1796-97
Fights the austrians Crosses the alps and destroys austrians Becomes extremely popular
54
egypt 1798
Battle of the pyramids Battle of the nile Napoleon loses but the government doesn't allow the people to know about his losses because they like him. French propaganda makes people think that Napoleon won
55
coup detat 1799
Napoleon is made commander in chief because of his popularity He takes his army and marches on the directory and takes over Becomes 'first consul' Made emperor, 1804
56
victory over the 3rd coalition
battle of austerlitz
57
napoleon's reforms
National Bank Creates economic stability Civil service system Government entities where people work for the government Creates government schools to train children to be leaders Put in charge by merit, not birth or class Napoleon let's church be independent Let's church be involved in church, but not government The Napoleonic Code Laws to protect peace and control Restricts freedom of speech and press Restores colonial slavery for economic reasons
58
fall of napoleon
Rebellion on St. Domingue Napoleon brings slavery back to the Louisiana territory Uprising against slavery He sends troops into stop the rebellion He can't stop them due to the large rebellion and malaria kills large amount of troops
59
louisiana purchase
Sold Louisiana territory to America because he couldn't control the land and he needed money for boats and equipment.
60
the continental system
French try to stop countries trading with Britain. Napoleon can't enforce other countries to stop trade. They rely on British trade
61
the peninsular war
Spain won't conform to the continental trade so Napoleon sends troops in to force them to be part of the Continental system He loses most of his troops and loses a lot of money He puts his brother on the Spanish throne and the people hate him.
62
invasion of russia
Raises massive army They can't feed all the troops Seizing of moscow The Russians burn anything in Russia that the French could use They fight over Moscow then find that it is burned to the ground Napoleon surrenders 1814 He gives up his throne He was exiled to Elba He escapes and comes back to france King Louis XVIII takes over and leaves after Napoleon comes back 100 Days Napoleon rules for 100 days and tries to raise armies and take over Belgium He is exiled permanently to St. Helena Dies 7 years later
63
the congress of vienna
legitimacy The only legitimate rulers of europe are the royal families Old rulers are put back on their thrones
64
concert of europe
A pact that will end republic revolution Every country will help end democracy wherever each country has revolts

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