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World Civ > Unit 10 Notes: Colonialism > Flashcards

Unit 10 Notes: Colonialism Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

American Southwest Tribes/Civilizations

A

Hohokam, Anasazi, Pueblo, Hopi
(don’t know how they disappeared)

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2
Q

Southwest Trade and irrigation

A

Trade was very important. helped them survive and get items not normally available to them
New irrigation systems allowed them to survive in aired places

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3
Q

Cliff Dwellings

A

Puebloans lived in canyons, on cliffs and in caves

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4
Q

Mississippian Culture

A

Mound builders
- in Hopewell (OH) and Cahokia (IL)

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5
Q

Mound Building

A

Built massive mounds out of mud and sticks to live in. Little mud huts.

Built mounds because the midwest was flat and they could see everything if they built up.

When Chiefs died they were buried in their mound and their loved ones were killed and buried with the chief so they can go to the next world together.

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6
Q

Mississippian Afterlife

A

When Chiefs died they were buried in their mound and their loved ones were killed and buried with the chief so they can go to the next world together.

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7
Q

Nixtamalization

A

Aztecs discovered that ashes from cooking fires mixed with water created an alkaline lime mixture that softened, partially dissolved, and helped remove the kernel’s tough outer skin, making corn easier to cook and make into masa (dough).

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8
Q

Khipu

A

used by the Incas to keep records and communicate information using string and knots

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9
Q

Mesoamerica Olmec

A

1200-400 BCE
Found off of gulf of mexico
rubber trees
ball game - combination of soccer and basketball. Loser would be sacrificed
oldest civilization in mexico
detailed stone head carvings - showed how advance and civilized they were

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10
Q

mesoamerica Zapotec

A

500-700AD
Southeast Mexico
Hieroglyphs
Monte Alban
- Step Pyramids
Obsidian - really hard rock used for tools
shows their sophistication

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11
Q

Andean Civilization
Chavin Civilization

A

900-200 BC
Northern Peru
known for…
advanced acoustics
temperature control

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12
Q

Andean Civilization
Moche

A

200-600 AD
advanced gold work
irrigation
city-states

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13
Q

Andean Civilization
Nazca

A

100-700 AD
Southern Peruvian Coast
arid
line carvings
obsidian

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14
Q

Mayans

A

Classical Period 250-900 AD
Individual city-states emerge
middle class forms
Plumed serpents is a higher status/class

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15
Q

Mayan government

A

Feudalistic society
Priest-Kings
Religious significance gave people power, not money or status
united through culture, language, trade

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16
Q

Chocolate

A

Mayans were the first to use chocolate
- smoked it
no common currency
- traded cocoa beans

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17
Q

Mayan Achievements

A

complex writing system
Popul Vuh - mayan creation myth
came up with 365 day calender
-believed time was a burden
-each god took the burden of each day
-planned day upon which god was in charge that day
Astronomy
developed the concept of 0.

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18
Q

Mayan Religion

A

science and religion
Kept Gods happy by blood sacrifice
-best gift you can give your god is to be sacrificed
Bloodletting
-people were cut and offered blood to the Gods

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19
Q

Mayan decline

A

cities mysteriously were abandoned around 1400
- no one knows why

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20
Q

Aztecs time frame

A

1428-1521 AD

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21
Q

Aztecs
The Toltec Civilization

A

violent and warlike people
used human sacrifice a lot

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22
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

Capital of Aztec empire
used Chinampa farming

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23
Q

The triple alliance

A

Emperor took over and ruled three city-states

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24
Q

Aztec God

A

Huitzilopochtli
- their God they make sacrifices to

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25
Aztec military and political impact
sacrifices leads to depopulation and rebellion
26
Aztec Expansion consequences
conquered people rebel because of harsh ruling
27
Aztec Collapse
Montezuma II is the Aztec leader at the time of downfall Hernan Cortes takes over Aztecs
28
Hernan Cortes
Montezuma fights against Cortes at first - causes Cortez to retreat When Cortes comes back to try to take over he realizes the Aztecs are killed by disease. Cortez takes over
29
Incan Founder/leader
Pachacuti "reformer of the world"
30
Incan Empire Size
largest of the three mesoamerican empire
31
Incan Society and government
very violent military expansion required tributes through gold, food and labor. four city-states
32
Incan Capital
Cuzco
33
Incan government philosophy
Communism - everyone shared labor and food
34
Incan Mita
Labor tax worked certain amount of days per year for the government Built major road systems
35
Incan Religion
Virachocha "great creator" Main Incan God
36
Inti and the Emperor
Emperor that was thought to be the "Sun God" that was born from Viracocha
37
Incan Temple of the Sun
built in Cuzco (capital) All emperors were 'born' from the God Inti
38
Incan Religious beliefs
Less Gods than the Mayans and Aztecs Believed in child sacrifice used mummification worshiped their dead ancestors
39
Incan Collapse
Civil war: Atahualpa and brother fight over who becomes next Emperor Atahualpa wins and kills brother Civil war weakens Incas so Pizarro can come and take over
40
Spanish Arrival
Fransisco Pizarro asks for all the gold from Incas kills them later disease wipes out the surviving Incas. All survivors become slaves to Spanish
41
Causes for European Exploration (3 G's)
God Gold Glory
42
Economic reasons for european exploration
Black death - killed ⅔ population leaving lots of money, less people Fall of Constantinople Gold
43
Religious reasons for european exploration
Crusades and reconquista evangelism
44
Renaissance spirit
competition among crowns (like space race)
45
Global Contact and trade
Intellectual/tech progress
46
Caravel
Small spanish or portuguese sailing ship first to use lateen sails: allows them to go greater distances could handle cross winds
47
Ptolemy's Geography
most accurate atlas than maps of that time made 1500 years before Columbus
48
Magnetic compass
allows you to know your direction at all times
49
Astrolabe
Allows you to know your latitude and longitude at all times
50
Iberian Exploration: Portugal
Henry the navigator’ (1394-1460) - very rich - sponsors lots of exploration - makes Portugal rich and important from money brought in from exploration
51
Iberian Exploration: Brazil
sugarcane was found by Portuguese and made tons of money.
52
Iberian Exploration: Spain
Columbus (1492) Cortes (mexico - 1519) Pizarro (peru - 1532) Ferdinand Magellan (1519)
53
Treaty of Tordesillas
1494 - debate between who gets America Spain and Portugal go to Pope over the issue Pope splits the territories in half for Spain and Portugal
54
Portuguese and Spanish Assimilation
encomienda system: - tributary payments - Lord of the land exploited native people for labor - spanish built churches - forced slave/tributary system
55
Mita
forced-labor draft imposed by the Spaniards on the indigenous inhabitants of Peru
56
Mestizo Population
Spanish and Portuguese people have children with native people to assimilate people by making them mixed
57
Valladolid Debate
man arrives as one of first european settlers in america. opposes the encomienda system gives up his slaves and advocates before king charles V and advocates for native’s rights believed natives needed to be educated and nurtured said african slaves should do slave labor and natives shouldn’t be slaves.
58
Black legend
spanish take on a reputation for being cruel other european countries claim their mistreatment of natives is okay because it’s not as bad as the Spanish treatment
59
Territories
new spain - mexico city peru new granada - columbia la plata - argentina
60
The columbian Exchange
sugar and the transatlantic slave trade 1525 - first slave trade Slaves went to west Indies - southern america (under florida)
61
Middle Passage
slave route from africa to the americas

World Civ (16 decks)

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