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Unit 3 Notes: Rome Flashcards

1
Q

Romulus and Remus

A

Legend

Twins, born of a she-wolf.

Created Rome

Romulus killed Remus.

Believe they are part God/divine.

Born of Aeneas (God of War)

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2
Q

Etruscans

A

From first civilization in Italy.

Similar culture to egyptians.

Focussed on death and afterlife

Developed structured monarchy.

Had 12 city-states that were independent but worked together.

War-like people

Ruled over Latins

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3
Q

7 legendary Kings

A

Roman society emerged between 753-509 BCE

Romulus - Mythical God of Rome. Started Senate and Assembly.

Tarquinius Superbus - Last legendary King. Harsh ruler.
Oppressed his people
His rule lead to the overthrow of the monarchy and Rome became a Republic.

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4
Q

Laws of the twelve tables

A

Roman republic Constitution.
Governing documents

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5
Q

The republic in Crisis

A

Massive wealth inequality - power falls into the hands of few people

Gracchus brothers - Patricians. Part of the tribunal assembly. Wanted to help the plebians own land. Assembly assassinates both brothers for trying to bring equality between social classes.

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6
Q

Marius

A

General
known for defeating forces coming into the north.
given control over roman forces in Asia.
Sets up election to win control over Asain troops.
Marius is forced to retreat and gets sick and dies while fighting Sulla

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7
Q

Sulla

A

General
Known for conquests to get more land.
Brought back people that were exiled.
Divided military loyalties - People start being loyal to a leader and not the state. Won’t give power to Marius, so he attacks Rome.
Kills all of Marius’ soldiers. Becomes lifelong leader

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8
Q

2 classes

A

Patricians = wealthy landowners

Plebians = working class. poor commoners

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9
Q

Senate

A

former magistrates were chosen by the people.
top 2% income earners.
controlled taxation.
directed foreign affairs
veto power over the assembly
most powerful governing group

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10
Q

Centuriate Assembly

A

Made of soldiers
votes on bills presented to them

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11
Q

Tribunal assembly

A

Assembly for plebians.

voted on rights and laws for plebians.

gained more power and were eventually able to vote on patrician laws too.

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12
Q

Rome Conquers Italy

A

265 BCE
Three Categories of people :
Citizens: all rights

latins: all rights but couldn’t vote

allies: (any conquered peopl) couldn’t vote and didn’t have same rights as citizens.

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13
Q

Consul

A

Head of the government
Two of them
One year terms
Had veto power
Became members of senate or military generals after their Consul term

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14
Q

Family Life

A

Paterfamilias: The father was in charge of the family.

Women in charge of caring for children

Fathers would be killed by sons so they could be in control.

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15
Q

Cult of the Dead

A

Like ‘The Day of the Dead’
Celebrated their dead family members

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16
Q

Slaves

A

Did most of the work in Rome.
Did work so upper class could participate in politics

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17
Q

Social Life

A

Baths: Wealthy men would go to the communal baths to talk politics and make business deals.

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18
Q

Bread and Circuses

A

To keep people happy keep them fed and entertained

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19
Q

Roman entertainment

A

Gladiator games

Rich and famous fighters were managed by ‘lanistas’

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20
Q

Collesseum

A

Where gladiator games took place along with other entertainment

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21
Q

Urban problems

A

fires, sanitation, crime increases when they expand too fast.
Start building with stone to prevent fire destroying Rome.

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22
Q

Religion

A

Religious blending occurs.
Isis, Apollo, Mithras become prominent Gods

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23
Q

Military service

A

offered as a path to citizenship

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24
Q

Aqueducts

A

Moved water throughout the city

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25
Concrete
Invented concrete to start building with. started building arches
26
Literature
Virgil - Big writer and and philosopher of the time
27
1st Triumvirate
59 BCE Pact between Caesar, Crassus and Pompey to protect each other
28
2nd Triumvirate
'The Lex Titia' The formal document to divide the empire between three men - Marc Antony, Octavian, Lepidus
29
Crassus
Very wealthy Bought people's land after it burned down killed by parthians
30
Pompey
Consul of Spain well connected friends with egyptians and Cleopatria Married Caesar's daughter decapitated by Tallame
31
Julius Caesar
Killed Democracy Made himself dictator for life A populist extends citizenship beyond Rome. To Latins and Italians Launches public service projects Creates a lot of Jobs Helped with land reform Loved by the people diminishes Senate's power.
32
2nd war of the Republic
Crossing the Rubicon- Caesar doesn't go back to Rome when told to by the Republic. Commits treason by crossing the Rubicon river. Destroy's Pompey's army and takes his money
33
Cleopatra
Has affair with Caesar and has his child Has affair with Mark Antony after Caesar dies Assassinated March 15, 44 BC.
34
Octavian (Augustus)
Caesar's Nephew Young Politician Heir to caesar's wealth declares war on Cleopatra to get rid of Anotony first official emperor of Rome
35
Rise of the Empire
Senate looses power Pax Romana - Roman peace Height of Rome
36
3rd war of the republic
Antony goes to egypt Battle of Actium - naval battle: Antony's army's destroyed antony kills himself in egypt Cleopatra remains pharaoh of Egypt
37
Marc Antony
Caesar's best friend Turns people against Cassius and Brutus married Octavian's sister Had affair with Cleopatra wanted to take over Egypt
38
The rise and spread of Christianity
Roman tolerance of all religions, but must worship Roman Gods too. Judea conquered 63, BC Orthopraxy - Jews don't have to worship Roman Gods
39
The Diaspora
66 AD The division between the Jews and Romans Many Jews wanted to revolt Diaspora - Jewish uprising that Romans ended. Romans destroy Jewish Temples, wailing walls and attack Jews scatter across the mediterranean Judaism is maintained in small communities
40
Jesus/Messiah
Jesus of Nazareth carpenter preached message of salvation empowered the weak taught people to have a personal relationship with God.
41
Birth of Christianity
Roman persecution because: rejection of Roman Gods supremacy of God's law Christians became scapegoats and martyrs
42
Paul
Spreads christianity over the world after Christ's death
43
Constantine
Wins wars and gives glory to God. First Christian Emperor Spreads Christianity Edict of Milan, 313 AD. - Grants religious freedom to all
44
Council of Nicea
325 AD People come together to agree on what Christian beliefs actually are.
45
Theodosius
Last Roman Emperor before Rome splits Spreads Christianity. Christianity becomes main religion
46
Diocletian
Split the Roman Empire Fixed prices to slow inflation Last persecutor of Christians Lack of social movement Wipes out the middle class Causes class conflict Abandons the empire when things go wrong.
47
Constantinople
Created by Constantine Makes Constantinople the Roman capital Can’t stop Roman decline
48
Germanic Invasion
The germanic tribes invade while the Romans are busy fighting off the Huns. They take over and destroy Rome
49
The Huns
Eastern/Asian group that attacks and conquers lands all through out europe. first group to fight on horseback invented long range bows became an empire
50
Atilla
Leader of the Huns dies before his conquest is over
51
Causes of the fall of Rome
Inflation Soil erosion Epidemics Large amount of people died from malaria. Weakened legions - mercenaries Loss of civic virtue and loyalty Poor leadership High crime Sanitation issues
52
Fall of Rome
476 AD Germanian Invasion is a success Eastern empire (Byzantium) survives until 1300s
53
External Roman Problems
Piracy Germanic tribe Huns invade Rome Brings new technologies such as long range bows The Huns/Attila The pope makes a peace treaty with the Huns. 350 AD. The Huns push everyone in the east, to the west.
54
1st Punic War
264 BCE 1st of three wars between Rome and Carthage. Rome wanted to expand into Sicily which was controlled by Carthage. There was a naval battle where Rome won and Carthage had to pay for war damages
55
2nd Punic War
218 BCE Hannibal wanted to go to war with Rome. Carthage lost the war and ended up losing control of spain and had to pay silver to Rome.
56
3rd Punic War
Carthage bothered Rome and Rome decided it was best to destroy them Carthage was destroyed in 149 BCE
57
Hannibal
Carthaginian general that lead the armies during the punic wars.
58
Battle of Zama
last battle of the 2nd Punic war Rome won and severely weakened Carthage
59
Scipio Africanis
Roman general that lead Rome to victory during the 2nd Punic war
60
1st war on the Republic
War between Sulla and Marius over the power of Consul both generals split the citizens loyalty. Sulla won and made himself dictator

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