Unit 1.5: Sleep

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Awareness of oneself and the environment.

Question 2

Wakefulness

Answer 2

Conscious state when awake, aware, and responsive.

Question 3

Sleep

Answer 3

Reduced awareness and responsiveness, but the brain is still active.

Question 4

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 4

Field that studies how brain activity is linked to mental processes.

Question 5

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 5

24-hour biological clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles, body temp, blood pressure, hormones.

Question 6

Jet Lag

Answer 6

Fatigue and disorientation caused by traveling across time zones and disrupting the circadian rhythm.

Question 7

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

Answer 7

Tool that measures electrical brain activity through brain waves.

Question 8

Brain Wave Frequency

Answer 8

Number of waves per second.

Question 9

Brain Wave Amplitude

Answer 9

Height of brain waves; relates to their intensity.

Question 11

Beta Waves

Answer 11

High (fast)

Question 12

Alpha Waves

Answer 12

Medium

Question 13

Theta Waves

Answer 13

Low

Question 14

Delta Waves

Answer 14

Very low

Question 16

NREM-1

Answer 16

Light sleep (~5-10 mins); alpha waves; hypnagogic sensations (e.g. feeling like falling).

Question 17

NREM-2

Answer 17

Transitional sleep (~10-20 mins); sleep spindles and K-complexes; theta waves.

Question 18

NREM-3

Answer 18

Deepest sleep (~30 mins); delta waves; sleepwalking, sleeptalking, growth hormone released.

Question 19

REM Sleep

Answer 19

Rapid Eye Movement (~10 mins initially); dreaming occurs; body is paralyzed; beta waves; brain is active but body is relaxed. Known as paradoxical sleep.

Question 21

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Answer 21

Dreams are the brain’s way of making sense of random neural activity.

Question 22

Consolidation Theory

Answer 22

Sleep (especially REM) strengthens and organizes memories and learning.

Question 23

Restoration Theory

Answer 23

Sleep restores energy and bodily resources depleted during the day.

Question 25

Insomnia

Answer 25

Difficulty falling or staying asleep; often due to stress, pain, or irregular schedules.

Question 26

Sleep Apnea

Answer 26

Breathing interruptions during sleep; prevents deep sleep and REM.

Question 27

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)

Answer 27

Muscle paralysis during REM fails; person may act out dreams, risking injury.

Question 28

Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)

Answer 28

Occurs during NREM-3; person walks around while still asleep; more common in children.

Question 29

Sleep Terrors / Night Terrors

Answer 29

Intense fear episodes during sleep (not nightmares); usually during NREM-3; can cause waking and disrupted sleep.

Question 30

Narcolepsy

Answer 30

Sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks during the day; poor nighttime sleep.

Question 31

REM Rebound

Answer 31

Increased REM sleep after REM deprivation; occurs when one is sleep-deprived.

Question 32

Hypnagogic Sensations

Answer 32

Vivid sensations (like falling) during NREM-1 sleep.