Unit 2.3: Introduction to Memory

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Information that persists over time, acquired through experiences, and can be stored and retrieved.

Question 2

Metacognition

Answer 2

Awareness of one’s own cognitive processes.

Question 3

Explicit Memory

Answer 3

Memory that involves conscious recall and effort.

Question 4

Episodic Memory

Answer 4

Subtype of explicit memory involving personal experiences or events.

Question 5

Semantic Memory

Answer 5

Subtype of explicit memory involving facts, knowledge, and general information.

Question 6

Implicit Memory

Answer 6

Memory formed without conscious awareness, often automatic.

Question 7

Procedural Memory

Answer 7

A type of implicit memory involving motor skills and tasks.

Question 8

Prospective Memory

Answer 8

Remembering to perform actions in the future.

Question 9

Recall

Answer 9

Retrieving information from memory without cues.

Question 10

Recognition

Answer 10

Identifying previously learned information when presented with it.

Question 11

Relearning

Answer 11

Measuring how quickly information is learned again after being forgotten.

Question 12

Parallel Processing

Answer 12

Brain’s ability to process multiple types of information at once.

Question 13

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Answer 13

Strengthening of synaptic connections through repeated activation, supporting learning and memory.

Question 14

Working Memory

Answer 14

Another term for short-term memory; temporarily holds and processes information for cognitive tasks.

Question 15

Visuospatial Sketchpad

Answer 15

Part of working memory that handles visual and spatial information (the “inner eye”).

Question 16

Phonological Loop

Answer 16

Part of working memory that processes verbal and auditory information.

Question 17

Phonological Store

Answer 17

Subcomponent of phonological loop that briefly holds spoken words/sounds (the “inner ear”).

Question 18

Articulatory Rehearsal Process

Answer 18

Subcomponent that allows rehearsal of verbal information (the “inner voice”).

Question 19

Central Executive

Answer 19

Component of working memory that manages attention and coordinates other components.

Question 20

Episodic Buffer

Answer 20

Temporary store that integrates information from other components and long-term memory.

Question 21

Multi-Store Model of Memory

Answer 21

Explains memory in three stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Question 22

Stimulus

Answer 22

Any sensory input such as a sight or sound.

Question 23

Sensory Memory

Answer 23

Initial, brief storage of sensory information.

Question 24

Iconic Memory

Answer 24

Visual sensory memory lasting a fraction of a second.

Question 25

Echoic Memory

Answer 25

Auditory sensory memory lasting 1–4 seconds.

Question 26

Automatic Processing

Answer 26

Gathering information with little or no conscious effort.

Question 27

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 27

Repetition to keep information in short-term memory.

Question 28

Elaborative Rehearsal

Answer 28

Linking new information with existing knowledge for better encoding.

Question 29

Encoding

Answer 29

The process of moving information from working memory into long-term memory.

Question 30

Levels of Processing Model

Answer 30

Explains memory retention based on depth of processing.

Question 31

Structural Processing

Answer 31

Shallow level focused on physical appearance of information.

Question 32

Phonemic Processing

Answer 32

Intermediate level focused on sound of information.

Question 33

Semantic Processing

Answer 33

Deepest level focused on the meaning of the information.