unit 1.7: cellular respiration

Question 1

what is ATP

Answer 1

adenosine triphosphate

Question 2

what is the structure of ATP

Answer 2

a molecule of adenosine, connected to a chain of 3 phosphate

Question 3

where is energy stored in ATP

Answer 3

between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate

Question 4

what is ATP ‘spent’ during

Answer 4

muscle contraction
protein synthesis
cell division
transmission of nerve impulses

Question 5

when is ATP ‘banked’

Answer 5

when glucose is broken down during cellular respiration

Question 6

what is the equation for ATP production

Answer 6

glucose + oxygen > ATP + CO2 + water

Question 7

how is ATP energy released

Answer 7

by removing the 3rd phosphate

Question 8

what is produced when the 3rd phosphate is removed from ATP

Answer 8

ADP

Question 9

what is ADP

Answer 9

adenosine diphosphate

Question 10

what is another role of ATP

Answer 10

phosphorylation

Question 11

what is phosphorylation

Answer 11

adding phosphate to other things

Question 12

give an example of phosphorylation

Answer 12

during glycolysis ATP is broken down into ADP + P and the phosphate group in used to phosphorylate the substrate

Question 13

what are the 3 reactions in cellular respiration

Answer 13

glycolysis
citric acid cycle
the electron transport chain

Question 14

what is glycolysis

Answer 14

glucose is broken down into pyruvate

Question 15

what does glycolysis not require

Answer 15

oxygen

Question 16

what is the process of glycolysis

Answer 16

2 ATP are spent during energy investment stage for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates
4 ATP are banked during the energy payoff stage
NAD converts to NADH and carried hydrogen ions away

Question 17

what is the name of the enzyme involved in glycolysis

Answer 17

dehydrogenase

Question 18

what is the role of dehydrogenase

Answer 18

remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to a co-enzyme called NAD

Question 19

what happens after glycolysis during aerobic conditions

Answer 19

pyruvate is broken down into an acetyl group

Question 20

what does the acetyl group combine with and what does it form

Answer 20

co-enzyme A to form acetyl co-enzyme A (acetyl CoA)

Question 21

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 21

in the cytoplasm

Question 22

where does the citric acids cycle occur

Answer 22

matrix of the mitochondria

Question 23

what is needed for the citric acid cycle

Answer 23

aerobic conditions, oxygen present

Question 24

what is the first stage of the citric acid cycle

Answer 24

the acetyl group from acetyl coA combined with oxaloacetate to form citrate

Question 25

second stage of citric acids cycle

Answer 25

citrate loses carbon which forms CO2 which is released, dehydrogenase enzymes remove hydrogen ions and electrons and passes to NAD

Question 26

third stage of citric acid cycle

Answer 26

5 carbon compound produced from citrate loses carbon, forms CO2, produces 4 carbon compound, dehydrogenase enzymes remove H ions and electrons and pass to NAD, a small amount of ATP is produced

Question 27

fourth stage of citric acid cycle

Answer 27

4 carbon compound converted to oxaloacetate by removal of H ions and electrons, passed to NAD

Question 28

final stage of the citric acid cycle

Answer 28

oxaloacetate produced, combined with acetyl group to form citrate and cycle re begins

Question 29

where does the electron transport chain (ETC) occur

Answer 29

the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 30

what does the ETC require

Answer 30

aerobic conditions

Question 31

what is the process of the ETC

Answer 31

NADH carries H ions and electrons to membrane proteins releasing energy allowing hydrogen ions to pass through the proteins entering the inter membrane space electron carrier carries electrons from the first complex to the next allowing further flow of H ions process continues for the third as there is a high concentration of H ions in inter membrane space the diffuse down a concentration gradient through a protein called ATP synthase, it grinds down hydrogen ions to produce ATP

Question 32

what is the final electron acceptor

Answer 32

oxygen

Question 33

what does the oxygen in the ETC combine with and what does it produce

Answer 33

hydrogen to produce water

Question 34

how many ATP molecules can be made from a single molecule of glucose in the ETC

Answer 34

36

Question 35

how many total molecules of ATP can be produced from 1 glucose

Answer 35

2 from glycolysis 36 from ETC 38 total