unit 3.7: immunisation

Question 1

what is a vaccine

Answer 1

typically produced from antigens from an infectious pathogen, this creates memory cells

Question 2

what parts of a pathogen can be used in a vaccine

Answer 2

inactivated pathogen toxins
dead pathogens
parts of pathogens
weakened pathogens

Question 3

what is typically added to boost effectiveness of vaccine

Answer 3

adjuvant

Question 4

who was the first to develop a vaccine

Answer 4

edward jenner

Question 5

what is herd immunity

Answer 5

when a large % of the population is immunised, this reduces the chance of a non-immunised person coming into contact with an infected individual

Question 6

what is herd immunity threshold dependent on

Answer 6

type of disease
the effectiveness of the vaccine
% of population vaccinated

Question 7

why may there be an absence of herd immunity

Answer 7

developing countries: malnutrition and poverty prevent mass vaccination programmes

developed countries: adverse publicity about vaccines leading to parents choosing not to vaccinate their child

Question 8

give an example of adverse publicity around vaccines

Answer 8

the MMR vaccine and having a link to autism, this made many parents not immunise their child

Question 9

what is antigenic variation

Answer 9

where a pathogen changes its antigens

Question 10

why is it important to get immunised for the flu every year

Answer 10

it shows antigenic variation, therefore the memory cells in the body do not respond when the pathogen invades the body