Unit 2 Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

What are all the cellular organelles?

A

Nucleus, mitochondria, rough ER, smooth ER, golgi, ribosomes, chloroplasts, lysosome, vacuole

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2
Q

What is the structure of the nucleus?

A

Double membrane (nuclear envelope) with pores

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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Stores generic information, synthesizes RNA, assembles ribosome subunits

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4
Q

What is the structure of the rough ER?

A

Membrane bound with ribosomes attached, also attached to the nucleus.

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5
Q

What is the function of the rough ER?

A

Site of membrane-bound protein and secreted protein synthesis. Role in intracelular transport. Mechanical support. Cell compartmentalization.

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6
Q

What is the structure of the smooth ER?

A

Folded, tube-like structure (cisternae)

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7
Q

What is the function of the smooth ER?

A

Detoxification, calcium storage, and lipid synthesis

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8
Q

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Membrane bound structure on flattened discs (cisternae)

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9
Q

What are the functions of then golgi?

A

Packing and modifying synthesized proteins. Packaging protein traffic.

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10
Q

What is the ribosomal structure?

A

Large and small subunits composed of rRNA and proteins. Can be bound of cytoplasmic.

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11
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

Synthesizes proteins

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12
Q

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

A

Double membrane bound (cristae is the inner membrane). Cristae is highly folded, outer is very smooth. Has distinct DNA and ribosomes.

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13
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

To make ATP. Krebs cycle happens in the matrix. Oxidative phosphorylation.

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14
Q

What is the structure of a chloroplast?

A

Double outer membrane (thylakoid sac stacked: grana, fluid: stroma).

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15
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast?

A

Photosynthesis. Thylakoid: light reaction, Stroma: Calvin-benson cycle.

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16
Q

What is the structure of the lysosome?

A

Membrane enclosed sacs that contain hydrolitic enzymes

17
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

Intracellular digestion

18
Q

What is the structure of a vacuole?

A

Membrane-bound sacs

19
Q

What is the function of a lysosome?

A

Storage and release of macromolecules and cellular waste. Central: water tension. Contractile: osmoregulation.

20
Q

What is the most favorable cell (structure and size)?

A

Largest (surface area: volume) ratio

21
Q

What is the structure of a semipermeable plasma membrane?

A

Bi-layer formed by phospholipids with cholesterol as a buffer. There are also membrane proteins and glyco(lipids/proteins).

22
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

It is a passive process by which small, polar molecules diffuse through the membrane (Steroids, O2, CO2). Works down the concentration gradient.

23
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Is a passive process where small molecules down a concentration gradient through a transport/carrier protein into the cell (H20, NA+, K+).

24
Q

What is active transport?

A

A process which requires energy and goes against the concentration gradient to enter the cell through a protein (NA+, K+, H+).

25
What is endocytosis?
Cell importing materials.
26
What is phagocytosis?
Cell eating
27
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking
28
What is Exocitosis?
Exporting materials.
29
What is a hypertonic solution?
High concentration
30
Isotonic solution
Equal concentration
31
Hypotonic solution
Low concentration
32
Which way does water move in osmosis?
High Concentration (Hypertonic)~~> Low Concentration (Hypotonic)
33
What is water potential?
The potential for water to move from one solution to another.