Unit 7 Flashcards
What is an example of natural selection taking place?
Peppered moths or antibiotic resistance
What is an example of artificial selection taking place?
Maize –> Corn, or the creation of countless dog breeds
What are the types of natural selection?
Disruptive, stabilizing, and directional
What is disruptive selection?
Selection favoring the extreme phenotypes; decrease in the intermediate phenotype
What is stabilizing selection?
Selection favoring the intermediate phenotypes; choosing against the extremes
What is directional selection?
Selection favoring one extreme phenotype
What are the five fingers of evolution arguing?
If the 5 finger of evolution apply, evolution will NOT occur
What are the five fingers of evolution?
- Extremely large pop. size
- Random mating
- No mutations
- No natural selection
- No gene flow
What is the founder effect?
Small pop. is divided from the larger, original pop.
What is the bottleneck effect?
Population is drastically reduced due to a natural disaster; large, random death
What is the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p + q = 1
How do we count alleles for p and q?
P = (2AA + Aa) / 2X individuals
Q = (2aa +Aa) / 2X individuals
What is the evidence for evolution?
Biochemical (DNA/protein similarities), Morphology (homogulous structures), Biogeography (distribution of species in ecosystems in space and time)
What are phylogenetic trees and cladograms?
Shows the evolution of specific, related species
What is speciation?
The creation of new species
What are isolation methods?
Ways in which species are limited from crossbreeding.
What are the prezygotic isolation methods?
Behavioral, temporal, geographic, habitat barrier, anatomical, and gametic
What are the post zygotic isolation methods?
Reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, and hybrid breakdown
What is sympatric speciation?
New species evolving from a surviving ancestor while both continuing to live in the same habitat. Happen because of behavioral isolation, sexual selection, and polyploidy.
What is allopatric speciation?
New species arises from ancestor in a different locations. Occurs when populations are isolated.
